Effects of chronic Staphylococcus aureus infection on immunological parameters and functionality of macrophages isolated from bovine mammary secretions

Renna, María Sol; Silvestrini, Paula; Beccaría, Camila; Velazquez, Natalia Soledad; Baravalle, Celina; Engler, Carolina; Pereyra, Elizabet Amanda Lorena; Calvinho, Luis Fernando; Dallard, Bibiana Elisabet

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103743

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…We found IgG1 concentrations to be higher in the dry period in all quarters independently of their inoculation status, confirming that there is mainly a Th2 response in late gestation and a shift towards a Th1 response at parturition, as reported by others [30,31,66]. However, unlike others [30], who found significantly lower specific IgG1 levels in chronically S. aureus infected quarters, we were not able to detect a difference in specific IgG1 levels in the dry period between inoculated and non-inoculated quarters. IgG2 levels were also significantly higher during the dry period compared to the measurement before dry off, but no differences between the quarter inoculation statuses could be observed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…A Th1 response is related to IgM and IgG2, whereas a Th2 response is linked to IgA and IgG1, which is mainly induced by IL-4 [65]. We found IgG1 concentrations to be higher in the dry period in all quarters independently of their inoculation status, confirming that there is mainly a Th2 response in late gestation and a shift towards a Th1 response at parturition, as reported by others [30,31,66]. However, unlike others [30], who found significantly lower specific IgG1 levels in chronically S. aureus infected quarters, we were not able to detect a difference in specific IgG1 levels in the dry period between inoculated and non-inoculated quarters.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Other researchers have shown that IL-6 levels increase in the milk and blood from lactating cows with a naturally acquired or experimentally induced infection [28,29]. Only one study reported elevated IL-6 levels in dry period secretion from quarters that were chronically infected with S. aureus [30]. Interestingly, we found IL-6 levels to be significantly lower in inoculated quarters compared to control quarters, but since only a limited number of quarters was included in this study, caution is needed when interpreting these results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, only a few studies have determined cytokine levels in dry period secretion from late gestation dairy cows. IL-6 levels in milk have been investigated in both naturally acquired and experimentally induced IMI during lactation [28,29], but only one study on naturally occurring chronic S. aureus infections reported an elevated IL-6 concentration in these dry quarters from non-pregnant cows [30]. Quarters that were challenged with Escherichia coli in the dry period, had higher IL-10 concentrations compared to non-challenged control quarters [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Colonization and local host response following intramammary Staphylococcus chromogenes challenge in dry cows

Beuckelaere

Visscher

Souza

et al. 2021

Vet Res

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Although extensive research has been performed on bovine non-aureus staphylococci (NAS), several aspects such as bacteria-host interaction remain largely unstudied. Moreover, only a few mastitis pathogen challenge studies in cows have been conducted in the dry period, an important period that allows intramammary infection (IMI) to cure and new IMI to occur. We challenged 16 quarters of 4 Holstein Friesian cows at dry off with 100; 100 000 or 10 000 000 CFU of the udder-adapted S. chromogenes IM strain. Four quarters from one cow served as negative controls. Internally sealed quarters remained untouched, whereas non-sealed quarters were sampled 3 times during the dry period. After parturition, colostrum and daily milk samples were taken during the first week of lactation of all quarters. In total, 8 quarters appeared to be colonized, since S. chromogenes IM was recovered at least once during the experiment, as substantiated using Multilocus Sequence Typing. S. chromogenes IM shedding was highest in dry quarters inoculated with 10 000 000 CFU. Colonized quarters had the highest quarter somatic cell count (qSCC) in early lactation. Inoculated quarters (both colonized and non-colonized) had lower IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations in the dry period, whilst IFN-γ levels tended to be higher in colonized quarters compared to non-inoculated quarters. Also, IgG2 levels were higher in inoculated compared to non-inoculated quarters and the IgG2/IgG1 ratio was on average above 1. To conclude, we showed that dry quarters can be colonized with S. chromogenes IM, resulting in a shift towards a Th1 response in late gestation and early lactation characterised by an increased IgG2 concentration. However, further research is needed to confirm our findings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Colonization and local host response following intramammary Staphylococcus chromogenes challenge in dry cows

Beuckelaere

Visscher

Souza

et al. 2021

Vet Res

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“…Staphylococcus aureus has not been considered before as an intracellular pathogen. However, it is now well documented that S. aureus can internalize and survive within a wide variety of mammalian cells, causing the persistence of infection and the failure of antibiotic treatments (Almeida et al 1996;Lammers et al 1999;Renna et al 2019;Zaatout et al 2019). This survival mechanism can protect S. aureus from the host immune response and antibiotics by making the bacteria inaccessible (Barkema et al 2006;Garzoni and Kelley 2009).…”

Section: Intracellular Invasionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureuspersistence properties associated with bovine mastitis and alternative therapeutic modalities

Zaatout

Ayachi

Kecha

2020

J. Appl. Microbiol.

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Staphylococcus aureus is an important agent of contagious bovine intramammary infections in dairy cattle. Its ability to persist inside the udder is based on the presence of important mechanisms such as its ability to form biofilms, polysaccharide capsules small colony variants, and their ability to invade professional and nonprofessional cells, which will protect S. aureus from the innate and adaptive immune response of the cow, and from antibiotics that are no longer considered to be sufficient against S. aureus bovine mastitis. In this review, we present the recent research outlining S. aureus persistence properties inside the mammary gland, including its regulation mechanisms, and we highlight alternative therapeutic strategies that were tested against S. aureus isolated from bovine mastitis such as the use of probiotic bacteria, bacteriocins and bacteriophages. Overall, the persistence of S. aureus inside the mammary gland remains a pressing veterinary problem. A thorough understanding of staphylococcal persistence mechanisms will elucidate novel ways that can help in the identification of novel treatments.

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Differential immune response to two Staphylococcus aureus strains with distinct adaptation genotypes after experimental intramammary infection of dairy cows

Engler

Renna

Beccaría

et al. 2022

Microbial Pathogenesis

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Effects of chronic Staphylococcus aureus infection on immunological parameters and functionality of macrophages isolated from bovine mammary secretions

Cited by 9 publications

References 53 publications

Colonization and local host response following intramammary Staphylococcus chromogenes challenge in dry cows

Colonization and local host response following intramammary Staphylococcus chromogenes challenge in dry cows

Staphylococcus aureuspersistence properties associated with bovine mastitis and alternative therapeutic modalities

Differential immune response to two Staphylococcus aureus strains with distinct adaptation genotypes after experimental intramammary infection of dairy cows

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