Effects of Chronic Lead Exposure on the Neuromuscular Junction in Drosophila Larvae

Morley, Eric J; Hirsch, Helmut V. B.; Hollocher, Kurt; Lnenicka, Gregory A.

doi:10.1016/s0161-813x(02)00095-5

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Pb 2þ interacts with other cations such as Ca 2þ and induces changes in the release of neurotransmitters, affects Ca 2þ homeostasis and Ca 2þ pumps and channels. In Drosophila larvae, it has been shown that Pb 2þ impairs the structure and physiology of the nervous system (Morley et al, 2003). The decrease in all elements that we have observed in Significant differences between control and experimental flies are indicated for P < 0.05 (*); P < 0.01 (**); or P < 0.001 (***).…”

Section: Elemental Changesmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Arrowhead indicates the lack of a chlorine value because of the detection limit of the X-ray detector. the housefly's brain might also result from the diminished metabolism and low protein/neurotransmitter synthesis in neurons (Altman et al, 1994;Morley et al, 2003). In muscles, in turn, there is no barrier between the flight muscle fibers and haemolymph, so that ionic exchanges as well as chemical interactions take place over the entire surface of muscle cells.…”

Section: Elemental Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Elemental changes in the brain, muscle, and gut cells of the housefly, Musca domestica, exposed to heavy metals

Tylko¹,

Banach²,

Borowska³

et al. 2005

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The toxic effects of heavy metals on organisms are well established. However, their specific action at the cellular level in different tissues is mostly unknown. We have used the housefly, Musca domestica, as a model organism to study the toxicity of four heavy metals: copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb). These have been fed to larvae at low and high, semi-lethal concentrations, and their accumulation in the head, thorax, and abdomen was subsequently measured in adult flies. In addition, their impact on the cellular concentration of several elements important for cell metabolism-sodium (Na+), magnesium (Mg++), phosphorous (P), sulphur (S), chloride (Cl-) and potassium (K+)-were measured in neural cells, muscle fibers, and midgut epithelial cells. Our study showed that the heavy metals accumulate mainly in the abdomen, in which the concentrations of two of the xenobiotic metals, Cd and Pb, were 213 and 23 times more concentrated, respectively, than in controls. All the heavy metals affected the cellular concentration of light elements in all cell types, but the changes observed were dependent on tissue type and were specific for each heavy metal, and its concentration.

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Section: Elemental Changesmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Elemental Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental changes in the brain, muscle, and gut cells of the housefly, Musca domestica, exposed to heavy metals

Tylko¹,

Banach²,

Borowska³

et al. 2005

Microscopy Res & Technique

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show abstract

“…Pb is a non-essential toxic metal with no known beneficial effect to man even in small quantity (Tyler, 1981;Moly, 1984). Long term or chronic exposure to lead has been associated with cognitive and other deficits in humans, which may reflect lead-induced changes in synaptic development function (Morley et al 2003). The neurotoxicological effects of Pb in terms of cognitive performance of exposed rats have also been reported (Strupp et al 2000).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Automobile Exhaust on Levels of Lead in a Commercial Food From Bus Terminals

Awofolu

2005

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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ABSTRACT:The impact of automobile exhaust on the levels of lead in commercially produced and sold white bread at bus terminals in Lagos, Nigeria were assessed. Total lead concentrations by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry were carried out. The mean concentration of lead in foods across the sites (T1-T10) ranged from 0.01 -0.025 µgg across the sampled sites. The analytical protocol was validated through the quality assurance experiment with quantitative recovery of 92.5% and C.V of 5%, which was considered applicable for routine analyses of food samples. The metal was detected in over 80% of the 160 samples that were collected and analyzed. @JASEM The ubiquity of lead and its known toxicity to man and wildlife necessitates its` continual determination in the environment. The monitoring of this metal in foods is of particular importance because it is one of the major routes by which toxic substances find their way into the human body. Primary source is mainly from natural weathering of geological materials and soils (Shea, 1996). Other sources include industrial effluents (Asamit, 1994), domestic effluents (Dean et al 1972), surface water run offs (Field and Lager, 1975) etc. However, another major contributing source of environmental lead burden is from the automobile and industrial machinery exhaust from the internal combustion engines. The use of organic lead compounds such as tetraethyl lead and tetra methyl lead as additives in petrol has been of continual concern to environmental scientists and policy makers. Studies have shown that the body lead levels of modern humans are about 500 times higher than those of pre-industrial times. It has been pointed out that Africa's contribution to global lead pollution has increased from just 5% in the 1980s to 20% in 199620% in (Nriagu, 1978. The level of lead in petrol in Nigeria was estimated as 0.7g/liter and the national consumption of petrol in the country is estimated at 20 million liters per day with about 150 people per car. It was therefore predicted that at least 15,000 kg of lead is emitted into the environment through burning (Agbo, 1997). Hence, automobile exhaust were believed to account for more than 80% of the air pollution and lead content in Nigeria's super grade gasoline is 600 -800 mg/liter (Osibanjo and Ajayi, 1989;Shy, 1990), which is much higher than permissible levels in some pollution conscious countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples and Sampling Sites:White bread samples, which are displayed for selling, were purchased directly from food vendors at bus terminals along the Badagry Expressway Ojo, Lagos. The Expressway is a very busy international road leading to neighbouring country of Benin Republic. The food vendors normally purchase them from commercial bakeries and then taken to the terminals for selling. Samples were purchased from food vendors at bus terminals rather than roadside vendors because the former are regular, enjoying more patronage and do not experience constant displacement by the local authority. A total of 160 food sampl...

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“…A number of endpoints can be measured in the fruit fly that provide information on toxicity, such as lethality, adult morphology, behavior, and reporter gene or protein expression. The adverse effects of methyl mercury and lead on neural development have been studied (Morley et al, 2003;Rand et al, 2009). Because the genetic components of complex behavior, memory, and learning are understood in the fruit fly, it allows the establishment of specific phenotypes for screening strategies (Sokolowski, 2001).…”

Section: The Potential Role Of Stem Cell Applications In the Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current standing and future prospects for the technologies proposed to transform toxicity testing in the 21st century

Vliet

2011

ALTEX

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Effects of Chronic Lead Exposure on the Neuromuscular Junction in Drosophila Larvae

Cited by 34 publications

References 45 publications

Elemental changes in the brain, muscle, and gut cells of the housefly, Musca domestica, exposed to heavy metals

Elemental changes in the brain, muscle, and gut cells of the housefly, Musca domestica, exposed to heavy metals

Impact of Automobile Exhaust on Levels of Lead in a Commercial Food From Bus Terminals

Current standing and future prospects for the technologies proposed to transform toxicity testing in the 21st century

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