Effects of chronic exercise on the inhibitory control of children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Amatriain-Fernández, Sandra; García-Noblejas, Milagros Ezquerro; Budde, Henning

doi:10.1111/sms.13934

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Inhibitory control is the skill of managing attention, behaviour, thoughts, and emotions in order to overcome strong internal bias or distracting external stimuli, enabling us to make the most appropriate response in a specific context [6,101,102]. The results obtained in this meta-analysis showed significant ES inhibition control in healthy children and adolescents (ES −1.30; 95% CI −1.98; −0.63; p < 0.00001).…”

Section: Inhibitory Controlmentioning

confidence: 71%

Effects of Sport-Based Interventions on Children’s Executive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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One of the most studied aspects of children’s cognitive development is that of the development of the executive function, and research has shown that physical activity has been demonstrated as a key factor in its enhancement. This meta-analysis aims to assess the impact of specific sports interventions on the executive function of children and teenagers. A systematic review was carried out on 1 November 2020 to search for published scientific evidence that analysed different sports programs that possibly affected executive function in students. Longitudinal studies, which assessed the effects of sports interventions on subjects between 6 and 18 years old, were identified through a systematic search of the four principal electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO. A total of eight studies, with 424 subjects overall, met the inclusion criteria and were classified based on one or more of the following categories: working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility. The random-effects model for meta-analyses was performed with RevMan version 5.3 to facilitate the analysis of the studies. Large effect sizes were found in all categories: working memory (ES −1.25; 95% CI −1.70; −0.79; p < 0.0001); inhibitory control (ES −1.30; 95% CI −1.98; −0.63; p < 0.00001); and cognitive flexibility (ES −1.52; 95% CI −2.20; −0.83; p < 0.00001). Our analysis concluded that healthy children and teenagers should be encouraged to practice sports in order to improve their executive function at every stage of their development.

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Section: Inhibitory Controlmentioning

confidence: 71%

Effects of Sport-Based Interventions on Children’s Executive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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“…One reason may be a low sensitivity to PA of the specific type of inhibition assessed in the present study. Inhibitory control is multifaceted and has been mostly assessed, in exercise and cognition research, as interference control or response inhibition [ 95 ] but only rarely as inhibition of routine thoughts assessed in the present study. This latter facet of inhibition was found sensitive to PE enrichment in the original sample of the present study at early and middle childhood age [ 42 ] but not in older children [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fostering Holistic Development with a Designed Multisport Intervention in Physical Education: A Class-Randomized Cross-Over Trial

Condello

Mazzoli

Masci

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Physical education (PE) is acknowledged as a relevant context for holistic child and youth development promotion. However, interventional research mostly builds on individual theories focused on specific outcome domains. This study presents a multisport enriched PE intervention that capitalizes on the intersection of different theory-based approaches to motor, cognitive and socio-emotional skills development promotion. With a cross-over design, 181 fifth graders, coming from a past class-randomized trial of enriched or traditional PE in their 1st–3rd grade, were stratified (based on their previous PE experience) and class-randomized to multisport enriched PE or control group. They completed pre-post assessments in motor and sport skills, cool (inhibition, working memory) and hot (decision making) executive functions, prosocial (empathy, cooperation) and antisocial (quick-temperedness, disruptiveness) behaviors. Children in the enriched PE group showed advantages in motor and prosocial skills after the intervention, which were linked by a mediation path, and an interactive effect of past and actual PE experience on decision making but no differential effects on other variables. The results suggest that a PE intervention designed with an integrative theory base, although not allowing disentangling the contribution of individual components to its efficacy, may help pursue benefits in motor and non-motor domains relevant to whole-child development.

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“…Executive functions (EF) are high-level cognitive processes with an essential role in the regulation of information traffic ( Diamond, 2013 ). These functions enable us to generate the necessary sequences of actions needed to elicit the correct response to specific internal and external stimuli demands ( Amatriain-Fernández et al, 2021 ) allowing, for example, to mentally play with ideas, to be adaptable to changing circumstances, to think before acting, to resist temptations, to stay focused or to be able to face new and unforeseen challenges ( Diamond, 2013 ). There is general agreement that there are three core EF: inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility ( Diamond, 2013 ).…”

Section: Circadian Rhythms Physical Exercise and Cognitive Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exercise interventions are usually differentiated based on parameters like length, intensity, or type of exercise. While chronic interventions contain several bouts of exercise over a long period of time, acute interventions include a single bout of exercise, performed only once ( Amatriain-Fernández et al, 2021 ). Consequently, chronic interventions can be used to evaluate the long-term effects of an exercise intervention and acute interventions are implemented to assess the immediate effects of an exercise intervention ( Amatriain-Fernández et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Circadian Rhythms Physical Exercise and Cognitive Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

It’s About Time: The Circadian Network as Time-Keeper for Cognitive Functioning, Locomotor Activity and Mental Health

et al. 2022

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A variety of organisms including mammals have evolved a 24h, self-sustained timekeeping machinery known as the circadian clock (biological clock), which enables to anticipate, respond, and adapt to environmental influences such as the daily light and dark cycles. Proper functioning of the clock plays a pivotal role in the temporal regulation of a wide range of cellular, physiological, and behavioural processes. The disruption of circadian rhythms was found to be associated with the onset and progression of several pathologies including sleep and mental disorders, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Thus, the role of the circadian clock in health and disease, and its clinical applications, have gained increasing attention, but the exact mechanisms underlying temporal regulation require further work and the integration of evidence from different research fields. In this review, we address the current knowledge regarding the functioning of molecular circuits as generators of circadian rhythms and the essential role of circadian synchrony in a healthy organism. In particular, we discuss the role of circadian regulation in the context of behaviour and cognitive functioning, delineating how the loss of this tight interplay is linked to pathological development with a focus on mental disorders and neurodegeneration. We further describe emerging new aspects on the link between the circadian clock and physical exercise-induced cognitive functioning, and its current usage as circadian activator with a positive impact in delaying the progression of certain pathologies including neurodegeneration and brain-related disorders. Finally, we discuss recent epidemiological evidence pointing to an important role of the circadian clock in mental health.

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Effects of chronic exercise on the inhibitory control of children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cited by 19 publications

References 57 publications

Effects of Sport-Based Interventions on Children’s Executive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Effects of Sport-Based Interventions on Children’s Executive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Fostering Holistic Development with a Designed Multisport Intervention in Physical Education: A Class-Randomized Cross-Over Trial

It’s About Time: The Circadian Network as Time-Keeper for Cognitive Functioning, Locomotor Activity and Mental Health

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