Effects of chronic alcoholism in the sensitivity to luminance contrast in vertical sinusoidal gratings

Cruz, Éllen Dias Nicácio da; Andrade, Michael Jackson Oliveira de; Cavalcanti-Gaudino, Melyssa Kellyane; Nogueira, Renata Maria Toscano Barreto Lyra; Santos, Natanael Antônio dos

doi:10.1186/s41155-016-0023-y

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Results from the perceptual task without cues did not corroborate our first hypothesis and rather supported a generalized deficit for SF, as individuals with SAUD showed less sensitivity to the orientation of the Gabor patches than HC at all the SF considered (1.5-6.0 cpd). This result matches the findings of Cruz et al (2016) who observed a global reduction in contrast sensitivity for sinusoidal gratings sampled at 0.6, 2.5, 5, and 20 cpd, thus partially overlapping with the SF range used here. It is also consistent with Roquelaure et al (1995)'s report of reduced contrast sensitivity between 0.1 and 9.0 cpd, though we did not identify more intense deficits for the most extreme SF.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Current results regarding SF processing in SAUD are mixed. Measuring the contrast sensitivity function, i.e., the inverse U-shaped function that describes how contrast sensitivity varies with SF (Campbell and Robson, 1968), some found impaired contrast sensitivity at all SF (Roquelaure et al 1995;Cruz et al 2016), whereas other did not spot any difference at any SF compared to healthy controls (de Oliveira Castro et al 2009). According to Roquelaure et al (1995), individuals with SAUD show stronger reductions in contrast sensitivity for LSF and HSF than intermediate SF, with a switch in optimal sensitivity toward lower SF ranges compared to healthy controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial frequency processing and its modulation by emotional content in severe alcohol use disorder

et al. 2022

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Rationale Visuo-perceptive deficits in severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD) remain little understood, notably regarding the respective involvement of the two main human visual streams, i.e., magnocellular (MC) and parvocellular (PC) pathways, in these deficits. Besides, in healthy populations, low-level visual perception can adapt depending on the nature of visual cues, among which emotional features, but this MC and PC pathway adaptation to emotional content is unexplored in SAUD. Objectives To assess MC and PC functioning as well as their emotional modulations in SAUD. Methods We used sensitivity indices (d′) and repeated-measures analyses of variance to compare orientation judgments of Gabor patches sampled at various MC-and PC-related spatial frequencies in 35 individuals with SAUD and 38 matched healthy controls. We then explored how emotional content modulated performances by introducing neutral or fearful face cues immediately before the Gabor patches and added the type of cue in the analyses. Results SAUD patients showed a general reduction in sensitivity across all spatial frequencies, indicating impoverished processing of both coarse and fine-scale visual content. However, we observed selective impairments depending on facial cues: individuals with SAUD processed intermediate spatial frequencies less efficiently than healthy controls following neutral faces, whereas group differences emerged for the highest spatial frequencies following fearful faces. Altogether, SAUD was associated with mixed MC and PC deficits that may vary according to emotional content, in line with a flexible but suboptimal use of low-level visual content. Such subtle alterations could have implications for everyday life's complex visual judgments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial frequency processing and its modulation by emotional content in severe alcohol use disorder

et al. 2022

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“…Our findings resemble those of Zhuang et al (2012) who observed a selective reduction of MC contrast sensitivity and PC contrast gain under acute alcohol consumption. They are also consistent with reports of impaired contrast sensitivity for both low and high spatial frequencies in SAUD (da Cruz et al, 2016; Oliveira Castro et al, 2009; Roquelaure et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Subsequent studies confirmed the presence of visual impairments by measuring visual evoked potentials, chromatic and achromatic vision, motion and speed processing, or peripheral visual field perception (Creupelandt and Maurage, 2021). They also showed that visual processing deficits may persist with long‐term abstinence, inducing durable perceptual changes (da Cruz et al, 2016; Fein et al, 1990, 2006; Yohman et al, 1985).…”

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confidence: 99%

Magnocellular and Parvocellular Mediated Luminance Contrast Discrimination in Severe Alcohol Use Disorder

Creupelandt

Maurage

Lenoble

et al. 2021

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background Severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD) is associated with widespread cognitive impairments, including low‐level visual processing deficits that persist after prolonged abstinence. However, the extent and characteristics of these visual deficits remain largely undetermined, impeding the identification of their underlying mechanisms and influence on higher‐order processing. In particular, little work has been conducted to assess the integrity of the magnocellular (MC) and parvocellular (PC) visual pathways, namely the 2 main visual streams that convey information from the retina up to striate, extrastriate, and dorsal/ventral cerebral regions. Methods We investigated achromatic luminance contrast processing mediated by inferred MC and PC pathways in 33 patients with SAUD and 32 matched healthy controls using 2 psychophysical pedestal contrast discrimination tasks that promote responses of inferred MC or PC pathways. We relied on a staircase procedure to assess participants’ ability to detect small changes in luminance within an array of 4 gray squares that were either continuously presented (steady pedestal, MC‐biased) or briefly flashed (pulsed pedestal, PC‐biased). Results We replicated the expected pattern of MC and PC contrast responses in healthy controls. We found preserved dissociation of MC and PC contrast signatures in SAUD but higher MC‐mediated mean contrast discrimination thresholds combined with a steeper PC‐mediated contrast discrimination slope compared with healthy controls. Conclusion These findings indicate altered MC‐mediated contrast sensitivity and PC‐mediated contrast gain, confirming the presence of early sensory disturbances in individuals with SAUD. Such low‐level deficits, while usually overlooked, might influence higher‐order abilities (e.g., memory, executive functions) in SAUD by disturbing the “coarse‐to‐fine” tuning of the visual system, which relies on the distinct functional properties of MC and PC pathways and ensures proper and efficient monitoring of the environment.

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“…Together, behavioral studies thus identified multiple visuoperceptive deficits in SAUD, potentially implicating the whole retino‐geniculo‐cortical pathway. They also revealed that some visuoperceptive changes could last for months or even years after drinking cessation (da Cruz et al, 2016; Fein et al, 1990, 2006; Yohman et al, 1985), further justifying the need to consider their long‐term consequences. However, cerebral correlates have generally been overlooked, so that the underlying neural changes remain largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of visuoperceptive changes in severe alcohol use disorder: A critical review of neuroimaging and electrophysiological findings

Creupelandt

D’Hondt

Maurage

2021

J of Neuroscience Research

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Visuoperceptive deficits are frequently reported in severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD) and are considered as pervasive and persistent in time. While this topic of investigation has previously driven researchers' interest, far fewer studies have focused on visuoperception in SAUD since the '90s, leaving open central questions regarding the origin and implications of these deficits. To renew research in the field and provide a solid background to work upon, this paper reviews the neural correlates of visuoperception in SAUD, based on data from neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies. Results reveal structural and functional changes within the visual system but also in the connections between occipital and frontal areas. We highlight the lack of integration of these findings in the dominant models of vision which stress the dynamic nature of the visual system and consider the presence of both bottomup and top-down cerebral mechanisms. Visuoperceptive changes are also discussed in the framework of long-lasting debates regarding the influence of demographic and alcohol-related factors, together stressing the presence of inter-individual differences. Capitalizing on this review, we provide guidelines to inform future research, and ultimately improve clinical care.

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Effects of chronic alcoholism in the sensitivity to luminance contrast in vertical sinusoidal gratings

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Spatial frequency processing and its modulation by emotional content in severe alcohol use disorder

Spatial frequency processing and its modulation by emotional content in severe alcohol use disorder

Magnocellular and Parvocellular Mediated Luminance Contrast Discrimination in Severe Alcohol Use Disorder

Neural correlates of visuoperceptive changes in severe alcohol use disorder: A critical review of neuroimaging and electrophysiological findings

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