Effects of Chromium, Vanadium and Austenite Deformation on Transformation Behaviors of High-strength Spring Steels

Niu, Gang; Chen, Yinli; Wu, Huibin; Wang, Xuan; Zuo, Maofang; Xu, Zhijun

doi:10.1016/s1006-706x(16)30195-9

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It is because, when there is no bainite or martensite in the microstructure, the value of Vickers hardness is mainly determined by the laminar space of pearlite. Compared with undeformed steel, the laminar space of pearlite is smaller with deformation of austenitic in experimental steel [25]. That is why the Vickers hardness of deformed steel is higher than undeformed steel.…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

Continuous Cooling Phase Transformation Rule of 20CrMnTi Low-Carbon Alloy Steel

Li¹,

Liao³

et al. 2019

MSF

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Gear steel is a ferritic steel. In the rolling process, the ideal structure is ferrite + pearlite, and bainite or martensite is not expected. However, due to the high alloy content, the hardenability is good, and the bainite or martensite structure is very likely to be generated upon cooling after rolling. In this paper, phase transformation rules during continuous cooling of 20CrMnTi with and without deformation were studied to guide the avoidance of the appearance of bainite or martensite in steel. A combined method of dilatometry and metallography was adopted in the experiments, and the dilatometer DIL805A and thermo-simulation Gleeble3500 were used. Both dynamic and static continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams were drawn by using the software Origin. The causes of those changes in starting temperature, finishing temperature, starting time and transformation duration in ferrite-pearlite phase transformation were analyzed, and the change in Vickers hardness of samples with different cooling rate was discussed. The results indicate that with different cooling rate, there are three phase transformation zones: ferrite-pearlite, bainite and martensite. Deformation of austenite accelerates the occurrence of transformation obviously and moves CCT curve to left and up direction. When the cooling rate is lower than 1 °C/s, the phases in samples are mainly ferrite and pearlite, which is the ideal microstructure of experimental steel. As the cooling rate increases, starting temperature of ferrite transformation in steel decreases, starting time reduces, transformation duration gradually decreases, and the Vickers hardness of samples increases. Under the cooling rate of 0.5 °C/s, ferrite transformation in deformed sample starts at 751.67 °C, ferrite-pearlite phase transformation lasts 167.9 s, and Vickers hardness of sample is 183.4 HV.

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confidence: 82%

Continuous Cooling Phase Transformation Rule of 20CrMnTi Low-Carbon Alloy Steel

Li¹,

Liao³

et al. 2019

MSF

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“…On the basis of these excellent properties, the disc spring has been adopted in nearly all areas of technology during the last several decades [5]. However, with the rapid developments in the automotive, energy (wind turbines, power plants, energy storage), oil gas, machine tool, railway industries, the requirements for disc springs have become stricter and require this simple spring product to have a high fatigue strength with low stress relaxation [6], [7]. Two major approaches have been pursued to improve the fatigue strength of the disc spring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two major approaches have been pursued to improve the fatigue strength of the disc spring. One is to control the metallurgical quality such as lowering the impurities or adding vanadium and/or chromium to the spring steel [6], [8]. However, not all disc spring manufacturers quality controls for the steels they use, or cover the product cost of alloying.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MULTI-PHASE NANOSTRUCTURED 60Si2Mn DISC SPRING BY A NOVEL AUSTEMPERING PROCESS

Zhou

et al. 2020

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment

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A disc spring, also known as a Belleville spring, is a conical shell which can be loaded along its axis either statically or dynamically. It can generate a high force in a very short spring length with minimal movement when compressed. A novel multi-step austempering heat treatment process is developed to improve both the hardness and strength of a conventional 60Si2Mn disc spring. In this case, the disc spring is austenitized at 900°C for 0.5 h, control-quenched to a temperature below Ms (the starting temperature of martensite transformation) for a very short time, subsequently heated to the Ms point and holding for a specific time, and finally air cooled to the room temperature. It is found that the resulting multiphase microstructure consists mainly of prior lenticular martensite formed during controlled quenching (PM), needle bainitic ferrite (BF), and high carbon enriched retained austenite (RA). Further observation shows that a nanostructured (BF+RA)nano phase including lath BF and film RA with a width of about 100 nm nucleates around the PM. Such a microstructure results in uniform compression behavior, and significantly higher strength and hardness than for a conventional 60Si2Mn disc spring. This controlled multi-step austempering process is a promising solution for enhancing the disc spring properties for those applications involving higher loading and fatigue conditions.

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“…The results show that the wear resistance of the high carbon and high vanadium alloy containing 4 wt.% carbon and 10 wt.% vanadium is 3-5 times as long as that of the traditional high chromium cast iron. The high carbon and high vanadium alloy has been widely used in many kinds of wear-resistance parts, such as roller and the ball milling liner [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and property of high vanadium wear‐resistant alloy

Li¹,

Fu²,

Jiang

et al. 2018

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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In order to improve the properties of high vanadium wear-resistant alloy and obtain the optimal process parameters, the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of high vanadium wear-resistant alloy was studied by means of optical microscope, the scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectrometer, Rockwell and Vickers hardness tester. The results show that the microstructure of as-cast high vanadium wear-resistant alloy was composed of matrix and eutectic structure. The matrix was mainly composed of martensite and retained austenite, and the eutectics mainly included M 7 C 3 and VC type carbide. After quenching, the matrix structure of the alloy remains martensite and retained austenite. M 23 C 6 type carbide was precipitated while quenching at 1100 8C. The type of eutectic structure has no obvious change after tempering. Tempering has great influence on the amount of retained austenite in the matrix. The hardness of the alloy is the highest (about 69.1 HRC) when the quenching temperature and tempering temperature are 1000 8C and 550 8C respectively.

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Effects of Chromium, Vanadium and Austenite Deformation on Transformation Behaviors of High-strength Spring Steels

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Continuous Cooling Phase Transformation Rule of 20CrMnTi Low-Carbon Alloy Steel

Continuous Cooling Phase Transformation Rule of 20CrMnTi Low-Carbon Alloy Steel

MULTI-PHASE NANOSTRUCTURED 60Si2Mn DISC SPRING BY A NOVEL AUSTEMPERING PROCESS

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and property of high vanadium wear‐resistant alloy

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