Effects of Chromium Methionine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Serum Metabolites, Endocrine Parameters, Antioxidant Status, and Immune Traits in Growing Pigs

Abstract

The effects of dietary chromium methionine (CrMet) on growth performance, serum metabolites, endocrine parameters, antioxidant status, and immune traits in growing pigs were investigated. A total of 180 crossbred pigs (30.18 ± 0.28 kg initial body mass) were randomly divided into five groups, each group with six pens, six pigs per pen. Pigs were fed on the same basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 100, 200, 400, and 800 μg/kg Cr from CrMet for 35 days. The results showed that supplemental CrMet did not affect growth performance. Cr at 200-800 μg/kg significantly decreased serum glucose levels (P < 0.05), while other serum metabolites were unaffected by Cr supplementation. Serum growth hormone (GH) levels were significantly decreased by Cr addition (P < 0.05). Furthermore, serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels were linearly decreased with increased Cr dose, and a significant reduction was observed in pigs fed 800 μg/kg Cr diets (P < 0.05). Serum immunoglobulin A, G, and M concentrations were increased linearly with increased Cr dosage, and pigs fed 400 μg/kg Cr had greater serum immunoglobulin M contents (P < 0.05). Cr at 400 μg/kg significantly increased serum superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity activities (T-AOC) (P < 0.05). However, Cr at 800 μg/kg increased serum catalase activities, while decreasing serum T-AOC contents (P < 0.05). Additionally, there was a significant increase in serum malondialdehyde levels for pigs fed 800 μg/kg Cr diets (P < 0.05). These results indicated that dietary supplementation CrMet decreased serum glucose, GH, and IGF-I levels. Besides, supplemental 400 μg/kg Cr as CrMet improved serum antioxidant status and immune responses, but additional 800 μg/kg Cr resulted in lipid peroxidation in growing pigs.

Effects of Graded Levels of Chromium Methionine on Performance, Carcass Traits, Meat Quality, Fatty Acid Profiles of Fat, Tissue Chromium Concentrations, and Antioxidant Status in Growing-Finishing Pigs

“…Our present study revealed pigs fed diets with different levels of chromium as CrMet for 97 days exhibited lowdose (100-400 μg/kg) stimulation and high-dose (800 μg/kg) inhibition of activities of GSH-Px and T-AOC. The dose response of serum antioxidant activities in present investigation was consistent with that of our previous trial for 35 days [18]. Besides, supplemental chromium elicited a quadratic dose response in terms of serum and kidney MDA levels, which indicated low dose (100-400 μg/kg) inhibited and high dose (800 μg/kg) stimulated lipid peroxidation.…”

“…Besides, liver and kidney antioxidase activities and MDA levels were not affected by the long-term exposure to different levels of chromium as CrMet in feed (P>0.05). However, the serum and kidney MDA levels were quadraticly decreased (P<0.05) Data are the means of six replicates of six pigs (three barrows and three gilts) per pen SEM standard error of the means, ANOVA analysis of variance, ADG average daily gain, ADFI average daily feed intake, F/G feed to gain a The growth performance during the growth phase is shown in Table 2 of our previous research [18] as the supplemental chromium level up to 400 μg/kg, then increased for pigs fed 800 μg/kg chromium.…”

“…Chromium methionine (CrMet), as a chelate complex of amino acid, has been proved to be a bioavailable Cr source due to increased glucose clearance rate in animals [12][13][14]. Some studies demonstrated that CrMet had beneficial effects on carcass traits [15,16], meat quality [17], and immunity [18] in pigs.…”

“…CrMet addition may affect the amino acid profiles of skeletal muscle in pigs, which is rarely investigated. Furthermore, our previous research found that the effect of short-term dietary CrMet addition on antioxidant status in growing pigs existed low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition [18], while the effect of long-term exposure to incremental doses of CrMet on antioxidant capacity is unknown. Hence, an experiment was carried out to study the effects of long-term exposure to dietary CrMet on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, fatty acid profiles of fat, tissue chromium concentrations, and antioxidant status in growingfinishing pigs.…”

Effects of Chromium Picolinate Supplementation on Growth Performance, Small Intestine Morphology and Antioxidant Status in Ducks Under Heat Stress Conditions

“…Furthermore, animals stressed under improper environmental conditions are found to have higher lipid peroxidation levels in plasma and tissues due to increased production of free radicals (Naziroglu et al, 2000). High concentration of trivalent Cr has been demonstrated to cause oxidative damage, including DNA damage and lipid peroxidation by stimulating the formation of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals (Tian et al, 2014). Additionally, some studies showed that additional low levels of Cr up to 400 mg/kg decreased oxidative stress in rats (Jain et al, 2007).…”