Effects of choline on health across the life course: a systematic review

Leermakers, Elisabeth T.M.; Moreira, Eduardo Martelli; Jong, Jessica C. Kiefte-de; Darweesh, Sirwan K.L.; Visser, Thirsa; Voortman, Trudy; Bautista-Niño, Paula Katherine; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Gorman, Donal; Bramer, Wichor M.; Felix, Janine F.; Franco, Oscar H.

doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuv010

Cited by 100 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…To evaluate the quality of the included studies, we used a predefined quality score (Leermakers et al, 2015). This quality score was based on existing scoring systems (Carter, Gray, Troughton, Khunti, & Davies, 2010;National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine in smoking‐exposed pregnant women: A systematic review

Tuenter

Bautista-Niño

Vitezova

et al. 2018

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Smoking exposure is associated with pregnancy complications, as are levels of folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine. In nonpregnant adults, smoking exposure is associated negatively with folate and vitamin B12 levels and positively with homocysteine levels. A complete overview of the literature on this topic in pregnant women is lacking. To evaluate evidence of associations of maternal smoking exposure during pregnancy and levels of folate, homocysteine, and vitamin B12 in pregnancy and in cord blood, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and reference lists of relevant studies until August 2017. We selected studies in pregnant women describing the association of passive or active smoking and levels of folate, homocysteine, and/or vitamin B12. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. We included 32 studies of 2,015 identified references with a total of 37,822 participants and more than 6,000 smokers. Twenty-eight studies measured folate, 14 measured vitamin B12, and 13 measured homocysteine. Nineteen out of 28 studies assessing folate reported significantly lower levels in pregnant women exposed to smoking compared with those unexposed. Vitamin B12 levels were lower in smoking mothers in eight out of 14 studies. Homocysteine levels tended to be higher in mothers exposed to smoking. Smoking exposure during pregnancy is generally associated with lower folate and vitamin B12 levels and higher homocysteine levels. This may help raise further awareness about the consequences of smoking and the need to encourage stopping smoking in all, especially in pregnant women.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine in smoking‐exposed pregnant women: A systematic review

Tuenter

Bautista-Niño

Vitezova

et al. 2018

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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“…These results suggest that adequate dietary folate over the long term may support genome integrity, but added folate may fuel the growth of existing lesions. The impact of the intake of the 1C donor vitamin choline is less studied, with a recent review not finding any well-proven associations between choline consumption and disease (Leermakers et al, 2015). …”

Section: Folate Metabolism In Non-proliferative Adult Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Carbon Metabolism in Health and Disease

2017

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One-carbon (1C) metabolism, mediated by the folate cofactor, supports multiple physiological processes. These include biosynthesis (purines and thymidine), amino acid homeostasis (glycine, serine, and methionine), epigenetic maintenance, and redox defense. Both within eukaryotic cells and across organs, 1C metabolic reactions are compartmentalized. Here we review the fundamentals of mammalian 1C metabolism, including the pathways active in different compartments, cell types, and biological states. Emphasis is given to recent discoveries enabled by modern genetics, analytical chemistry, and isotope tracing. An emerging theme is the biological importance of mitochondrial 1C reactions, both for producing 1C units that are exported to the cytosol and for making additional products, including glycine and NADPH. Increased clarity regarding differential folate pathway usage in cancer, stem cells, development, and adult physiology is reviewed and highlights new opportunities for selective therapeutic intervention.

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“…However, preventing the decrease in plasma choline by short-term lecithin supplementation prior to a marathon failed to improve performance [67]. Furthermore, a recent systematic review concluded that evidence to confirm the suggested effects of choline on health in different stages of life is scarce [68]. Pharmacological doses of choline chloride (10 g/day) were associated to nausea, diarrhea, and a small fall in blood pressure in patients studied in the 70 s [69].…”

Section: Nutrients As Uremic Toxins Precursors Via the Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrients Turned into Toxins: Microbiota Modulation of Nutrient Properties in Chronic Kidney Disease

et al. 2017

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In chronic kidney disease (CKD), accumulation of uremic toxins is associated with an increased risk of death. Some uremic toxins are ingested with the diet, such as phosphate and star fruit-derived caramboxin. Others result from nutrient processing by gut microbiota, yielding precursors of uremic toxins or uremic toxins themselves. These nutrients include l-carnitine, choline/phosphatidylcholine, tryptophan and tyrosine, which are also sold over-the-counter as nutritional supplements. Physicians and patients alike should be aware that, in CKD patients, the use of these supplements may lead to potentially toxic effects. Unfortunately, most patients with CKD are not aware of their condition. Some of the dietary components may modify the gut microbiota, increasing the number of bacteria that process them to yield uremic toxins, such as trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), p-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate and indole-3 acetic acid. Circulating levels of nutrient-derived uremic toxins are associated to increased risk of death and cardiovascular disease and there is evidence that this association may be causal. Future developments may include maneuvers to modify gut processing or absorption of these nutrients or derivatives to improve CKD patient outcomes.

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Effects of choline on health across the life course: a systematic review

Abstract: Evidence to confirm the suggested effects of choline on health in different stages of life is scarce. Potential effects of choline need to be confirmed by intervention studies. Possible harmful effects on cardiometabolic health need careful evaluation.

Cited by 100 publications

References 77 publications

Folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine in smoking‐exposed pregnant women: A systematic review

Folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine in smoking‐exposed pregnant women: A systematic review

One-Carbon Metabolism in Health and Disease

Nutrients Turned into Toxins: Microbiota Modulation of Nutrient Properties in Chronic Kidney Disease

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