Effects of chlorpyrifos ethyl on acetylcholinesterase activity in climbing perch cultured in rice fields in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Nguyen, Tam T.; Berg, Håkan; Nguyen, Hang Thi; Nguyen, Cong Van

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.03.020

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It is likely that also, lower concentrations than those used in the worst-case scenarios would cause sub-lethal effects in fish. For example, Tam et al ( 2015a ) showed that that low levels of fenobucarb (30 μg/L) and chlorphyrifos (0.5 μg/L) caused a significant inhibition of brain AChE activity in climbing perch, causing both decreased growth and survival rates in the fish. Also, at lower concentrations, freshwater arthropods, which have been shown to have a higher sensitivity to the investigated insecticides, are affected, thereby indirectly affecting the fish, as these usually are complementary food for many fish species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vietnam is currently ranked as the fifth largest rice producer in the world, with most of its rice being farmed in the Mekong River Delta (Ricepedia 2016 ). The use of pesticides has helped to increase rice yields but has also led to an increased pollution that presents a potential toxicity threat to the environment and public health (Carvalho et al 2008 ; Berg and Tam 2012 ; Tam et al 2015a , b ). A recent study found high concentrations of pesticides in sediment and drinking water of the Mekong Delta, indicating that pesticides may pose a chronic exposure risk to biota and humans (Toan et al 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Integrated rice-fish farming is, however, vulnerable to the negative side effects of pesticides as fish are stocked directly in the rice fields. Earlier studies indicate that a high use of pesticides may impact fish growth and survival (Berg 2002 ; Tam et al 2015a ; Tam et al 2016b ). This could be through direct toxic effects on the fish but also through indirect impacts on different ecosystem services provided by the rice-field environment that helps to sustain a high production of both rice and fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of predicted aquatic risks of pesticides used under different rice-farming strategies in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Stadlinger

Berg

Brink

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This study evaluates the risks of pesticides applied in rice-fish and rice farming, with and without integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, to non-target aquatic organisms in two provinces of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Pesticide inventories and application patterns were collected from 120 Vietnamese farmers through interviews. Risks were assessed using (1) Pesticide RIsks in the Tropics to Man, Environment, and Trade (PRIMET), a first-tier model, which calculates predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) of pesticides in the rice field, based on the compound’s physico-chemical properties and the application pattern, and then compares the PECs to safe concentrations based on literature data, and (2) species sensitivity distribution (SSD), a second-tier assessment model using species sensitivity distributions to calculate potentially affected fraction (PAF) of species based on the PECs from PRIMET. Our results show that several of the used insecticides pose a high risk to fish and arthropods and that the risks are higher among rice farmers than among rice-fish farmers. This study indicates that the PRIMET model in combination with SSDs offer suitable approaches to help farmers and plant protection staff to identify pesticides that may cause high risk to the environment and therefore should be substituted with safer alternatives.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of predicted aquatic risks of pesticides used under different rice-farming strategies in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Stadlinger

Berg

Brink

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…This has led to a significant increase in the application of various types of pesticides. Pesticide use on rice has shown negative impacts on fish and shrimp in integrated culture systems (physiological effect, mortality, muscle contamination) even at low or undetectable concentration (Nguyen, Berg, Nguyen, & Nguyen, ; Tu et al, ). A wide range of pesticide residues were found in environment (water, soil and sediment) of Mekong Delta (Nguyen, Sebesvari, Bläsing, Rosendahl, & Renaud, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of quinalphos, trifluralin and dichlorvos residues in fresh water of aquaculture systems in Mekong Delta, Vietnam

et al. 2018

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To develop an easy and reliable method for detecting pesticides and their residues in the Mekong Delta, a GC-MS analytical method was developed and validated according to European guidelines (SANTE/11945/2015) for the determination of residues of three pesticides (quinalphos, trifluralin and dichlorvos) in water. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.002 and 0.007 μg/L, respectively, for quinalphos and trifluralin, and 0.016 and 0.053 μg/L, respectively, for dichlorvos and quinalphos. The repeatability, the within-laboratory reproducibility as well as the trueness met the European criteria. The recovery rate ranged between 72% (for dichlorvos and quinalphos) and 82% (for trifluralin). The developed method was then applied for the analysis of 33 water samples, collected in April 2013, at the beginning of the rainy season in the Mekong Delta in Vietnam. Thirteen samples were from rice field, 10 were collected from cat fish ponds and from red tilapia cages. Results showed that only 9% of total water samples analysed contained residues of pesticides, but only in water from rice fish systems. From the 13 samples taken in these systems, quinalphos was detected in three samples. The other two pesticides were not detected. A comparison between analytical results obtained from GC-MS and an alternative method, that is GC-ECD indicated that GC-ECD is less sensitive than GC-MS, with LOQ ranging from 0.37 to 1.18 (depending on the pesticide). However, for samples with concentrations above these LOQ, no significant difference was observed between the results obtained from the two analytical methodologies. K E Y W O R D Saquaculture, Mekong Delta, pesticides

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“…Chlorpyrifos (chlorpyrifos) [O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)-phosphorothioate], one of the broad spectrum organophosphate pesticides used both in agriculture and household pest control agents due to its non-carcinogenic and non-teratogenic nature (Charpentier et al, 2014). It acts as acetylcholine esterase inhibitor and targets the nervous system of the insects (Yin et al, 2009; Nguyen et al, 2015). Moreover, chronic toxicity of chlorpyrifos lead to reduced survival rate, adult body weight and reproductive failure of non-target fish species (Corbin et al, 2009; Eddins et al, 2009; Richendrfer et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Affects Nutritional Physiology and Induces Genotoxicity in Silkworm Philosamia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

2016

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Chlorpyrifos is a most widely used organophosphate insecticide because of its cost effectiveness and degradable nature. However, this pesticide enters and contaminates the environment either by direct application, spray drifts or crop run off and shows adverse effect on the non-targeted organisms. Philosamia ricini (eri silkworm), one of the most exploited, domesticated and commercialized non mulberry silkworm is known for mass production of eri silk. The silkworm larvae get exposed to pesticide residues on the leaves of food plants. The present study investigates the effect of commercial formulation of chlorpyrifos (Pyrifos-20 EC) on eri silkworm. Initially the LC50 value of chlorpyrifos was determined at 24–96 h and further experiments were carried out with sub lethal concentrations of the chlorpyrifos after 24 h of exposure period. The potential toxicity of chlorpyrifos was evaluated as a fuction of metabolism and nutritional physiology in 3rd, 4th, and 5th instar larvae. Alteration in histoarchitecture of 5th instar eri silkworm gut exposed to sub lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos formulation was also studied. Chlorpyrifos induced genotoxicity in silkworm hemocytes was also investigated by single cell gel electrophoresis, micronuclei assay, and apoptosis assay. Herein, LC50 values of chlorpyrifos were calculated as 3.83, 3.35, 2.68, and 2.35 mg/L at 24, 48, 72, and 96h respectively. A significant decrease in trehalose activity along with digestive enzyme activity was observed in chlorpyrifos affected groups (P < 0.05). Further, genotoxicity study revealed higher tail percentage, tail length and tail moment of the damage DNA in chlorpyrifos exposed groups (P < 0.001). Moreover, at 2.0 mg/L concentration, ~10 fold increases in tail length was observed as compared to the control. Results showed activation of caspase activity following 24 h chlorpyrifos exposure (1.5 and 2.0 mg/L) in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, in control group less number of apoptotic cells was detected, however in both chlorpyrifos exposed groups' numbers of apoptotic cells were statistically higher (P < 0.001). Taken together, this study provides evidence that chlorpyrifos pollution might have adverse effect on overall nutritional physiology and genotoxicity of eri silkworm that could lead to reduced survivability of this economically beneficial insect.

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Effects of chlorpyrifos ethyl on acetylcholinesterase activity in climbing perch cultured in rice fields in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Comparison of predicted aquatic risks of pesticides used under different rice-farming strategies in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Comparison of predicted aquatic risks of pesticides used under different rice-farming strategies in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Screening of quinalphos, trifluralin and dichlorvos residues in fresh water of aquaculture systems in Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Larval Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Affects Nutritional Physiology and Induces Genotoxicity in Silkworm Philosamia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

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