Effects of chlorpromazine and promazine on the visual aftereffects of tilt and movement

Harris, Judy; Phillipson, O.T.; Watkins, G M; Whelpton, Robin

doi:10.1007/bf00433016

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Adaptation at the cellular level is plausibly modulated by these systems (McCormick and Williamson, 1989). Indeed, healthy observers administered antipsychotic medications experience a reduction in the aftereffect strength related to tilt, motion, and color (Harris et al, 1986;Harris et al, 1983; but see Janke and Debus, 1972;Lehmann and Csank, 1957). These findings cannot be accounted for by drug effects on retinal blurring, perceived luminance of the adapter, drowsiness, blinking, or loss of fixation (Harris et al, 1986;Harris et al, 1983).…”

Section: Critical Review Of Findings In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, healthy observers administered antipsychotic medications experience a reduction in the aftereffect strength related to tilt, motion, and color (Harris et al, 1986;Harris et al, 1983; but see Janke and Debus, 1972;Lehmann and Csank, 1957). These findings cannot be accounted for by drug effects on retinal blurring, perceived luminance of the adapter, drowsiness, blinking, or loss of fixation (Harris et al, 1986;Harris et al, 1983). Studies comparing the effect of antipsychotics with other psychotropic medications suggest that drug effects on aftereffects are primarily due to dopaminergic action.…”

Section: Critical Review Of Findings In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of visual aftereffects in schizophrenia

Thakkar

Silverstein

Brascamp

2019

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Psychosis-a cardinal symptom of schizophrenia-has been associated with a failure to appropriately create or use stored regularities about past states of the world to guide the interpretation of incoming information, which leads to abnormal perceptions and beliefs. The visual system provides a test bed for investigating the role of prior experience and prediction, as accumulated knowledge of the world informs our current perception. More specifically, the strength of visual aftereffects, illusory percepts that arise after prolonged viewing of a visual stimulus, can serve as a valuable measure of the influence of prior experience on current visual processing. In this paper, we review findings from a largely older body of work on visual aftereffects in schizophrenia, attempt to reconcile discrepant findings, highlight the role of antipsychotic medication, consider mechanistic interpretations for behavioral effects, and propose directions for future research.

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Section: Critical Review Of Findings In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Critical Review Of Findings In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of visual aftereffects in schizophrenia

Thakkar

Silverstein

Brascamp

2019

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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“…Retinal dopamine acting at dopamine receptors contributes to primate orientation processing (Bodis‐Wollner, ), and similar dopamine receptors have been identified in primate and human retina (Zhao et al ., ). Acute cannabis consumption (by means of ∆‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol) results in a net reduction of retinal dopamine levels (Schlicker et al ., ), which may also decrease tilt magnitude (Harris et al ., ). There is also some evidence that concomitant consumption of cannabis with MDMA may attenuate any residual effects of MDMA on serotonergic function (Morley et al ., , Parrott et al ., ).…”

Section: Possible Confounding Effects Of Other Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual effects of ecstasy (3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine) on low level visual processes

Murray

Bruno

Brown

2012

Human Psychopharmacology

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'Ecstasy' (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) induces impaired functioning in the serotonergic system, including the occipital lobe. This study employed the 'tilt aftereffect' paradigm to operationalise the function of orientation-selective neurons among ecstasy consumers and controls as a means of investigating the role of reduced serotonin on visual orientation processing. The magnitude of the tilt aftereffect reflects the extent of lateral inhibition between orientation-selective neurons and is elicited to both 'real' contours, processed in visual cortex area V1, and illusory contours, processed in V2. The magnitude of tilt aftereffect to both contour types was examined among 19 ecstasy users (6 ecstasy only; 13 ecstasy-plus-cannabis users) and 23 matched controls (9 cannabis-only users; 14 drug-naive). Ecstasy users had a significantly greater tilt magnitude than non-users for real contours (Hedge's g = 0.63) but not for illusory contours (g = 0.20). These findings provide support for literature suggesting that residual effects of ecstasy (and reduced serotonin) impairs lateral inhibition between orientation-selective neurons in V1, which however suggests that ecstasy may not substantially affect this process in V2. Multiple studies have now demonstrated ecstasy-related deficits on basic visual functions, including orientation and motion processing. Such low-level effects may contribute to the impact of ecstasy use on neuropsychological tests of visuospatial function.

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“…These include slower aftereffect build-up (Abraham and McCallum, 1973;Claridge, 1960;Herrington and Claridge, 1965), no difference in aftereffect duration (Tress and Kugler, 1979), and reduced aftereffect strength (Kelm, 1962(Kelm, , 1968Wertheimer, 1954;Wertheimer and Jackson, 1957). Discrepant findings across studies have been attributed to a combination of medication use, as antipsychotics reduce visual aftereffect duration in healthy individuals (Harris et al, 1986;Harris et al, 1983), clinical status, and mode of measuring aftereffects (Harris, 1994). A more recent study confirmed slower aftereffect onset in patients with schizophrenia and healthy first-degree relatives, an effect that scaled with positive symptoms in the patient group and the positive dimension of a scale of schizophrenia-like personality traits in the healthy relatives (Surguladze et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered short-term neural plasticity related to schizotypal traits: Evidence from visual adaptation

Thakkar

Antinori

Carter

et al. 2019

Schizophrenia Research

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Abnormalities in synaptic plasticity are argued to underlie the neural dysconnectivity observed in schizophrenia. One way to measure synaptic plasticity is through sensory adaptation, whereby sensory neurons exhibit reduced sensitivity after sustained stimulus exposure. Evidence for decreased adaptation in individuals with schizophrenia is currently inconclusive, possibly due to heterogeneity in clinical and medication status across samples. Here we circumvent these confounds by examining whether altered adaptation is represented sub-clinically in the general population. To test this we used three paradigms from visual perception research that provide a precise and non-invasive index of adaptation in the visual system. Two paradigms involve a class of illusory percepts termed visual aftereffects. The third relies on a visual phenomenon termed binocular rivalry, where incompatible stimuli are presented to the two eyes and observers alternate between perceiving exclusively one stimulus or a combination of the two (i.e. mixed perception). We analyzed the strength and dynamics of visual adaptation in these paradigms, in relation to schizotypy. Our results showed that increased schizotypal traits were related to reduced orientation, but not luminance, aftereffect strength (Exp. 1). Further, increased schizotypy was related to a greater proportion of mixed perception during binocular rivalry (Exp. 1 and 2). Given that visual adaption is well understood at cellular and computational levels, our data suggest that short-term plasticity in the visual system can provide important information about the disease mechanisms of schizophrenia.

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Effects of chlorpromazine and promazine on the visual aftereffects of tilt and movement

Cited by 22 publications

References 45 publications

A review of visual aftereffects in schizophrenia

A review of visual aftereffects in schizophrenia

Residual effects of ecstasy (3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine) on low level visual processes

Altered short-term neural plasticity related to schizotypal traits: Evidence from visual adaptation

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