Effects of chlorophyllin on replication of poliovirus and bovine herpesvirusin vitro

Abstract

Aims: Chlorophyllin (CHLN), a synthetic derivative of chlorophyll, was assayed in the replication of poliovirus (PV‐1) and bovine herpesvirus (BoHV‐1) in HEp‐2 cell cultures. Methods and Results: Virucidal activity of CHLN was evaluated and the time‐of‐addition assay was performed as follows: before the infection (−1 and −2 h), at the time of the infection (0 h) and after the infection (1 and 2 h). Plaque reduction assay (PRA) showed that CHLN inhibited BoHV‐1 and PV‐1 infection and the 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) against BoHV‐1 and PV‐1 infection were 8·6 and 19·8 μg ml−1, respectively. The time‐of‐addition study demonstrated that the CHLN was effective inhibiting viral replication in 51% and 66·5% for PV‐1 and BoHV‐1, respectively, at the highest concentration of 20·0 μg ml−1, when added during the infection. The directed effect of CHLN on viral strains demonstrated an inhibition of 62% and 66·4% for PV‐1 and BoHV‐1, respectively, by PRA. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that CHLN could be used as an antiviral suggesting directed activity on virus particles and on virus‐receptor sites to BoHV. For poliovirus, CHLN also demonstrated virucide activity, moreover, showed to inhibit early steps of the replication cycle. Significance and Impact of the Study: CHLN demonstrated promising selectivity index for both virus strains; therefore, it can be used for the development of an antiviral agent.

Antiviral activity of extracts from Morinda citrifolia leaves and chlorophyll catabolites, pheophorbide a and pyropheophorbide a, against hepatitis C virus

“…It has previously been reported that pheophytin a shows anti‐HCV activities with IC 50 of 4.97 μM (equivalent to 4.3 μg/mL) . Also chlorophyllin, a semi‐synthetic derivative of chlorophyll, reportedly has antiviral activities against poliovirus and bovine herpesvirus, with IC 50 of 19.8 and 8.6 μg/mL, respectively . However, in our study, compared with the more potent anti‐HCV activities of pheophorbide a and pyropheophorbide a, pheophytin a and sodium copper chlorophyllin exhibited only marginal anti‐HCV activity, the IC 50 being 54.5 and 32.0 μg/mL, respectively (Table ).…”

Inactivation of Dengue and Yellow Fever viruses by heme, cobalt-protoporphyrin IX and tin-protoporphyrin IX

“…In addition, the ability of these porphyrins to inactivate virus extends to other flaviviruses such as YFV. The antiviral activity of natural and synthetic porphyrins has been described for distinct viruses (Staudinger et al 1996;Vzorov et al 2002;Chen-Collins et al 2003;Benati et al 2009;Wen et al 2009;Cheng et al 2010;Hou et al 2010;Lehmann et al 2010;Zhu et al 2010;Guo et al 2011). The use of this class of molecules was proposed on PDI therapies (Pushpan et al 2002;Costa et al 2012).…”

Mechanisms of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Inactivation by Protoporphyrin IX, Zinc-Protoporphyrin IX, and Mesoporphyrin IX

“…Many viruses of different families have been inactivated by porphyrins or porphyrin derivatives, including enveloped viruses, such as HIV-1 (3,4), poxvirus (5), hepatitis B virus (6,7), hepatitis C virus (7,8), Marburg, Tacaribe, and Junin viruses (7), bovine herpesvirus (9), and dengue and yellow fever viruses (7,10), as well as nonenveloped viruses, such as poliovirus (9). Porphyrins and their derivatives were also used as enhancers of the effects of other antiviral drugs, as was observed for the combination of heme (or its analogues) with zidovudine for the treatment of HIV-1 infection (11,12), and some porphyrins were conjugated with the neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir for the treatment of influenza virus infections (13).…”