Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Performance, Anticoccidial Indicators, Immunity, Antioxidant Status, and Intestinal Barrier Function in Coccidia-Infected Broilers

Abstract

The effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on growth performance, anticoccidial indicators (oocysts per gram of excreta, cecal lesion score, and bloody diarrhea score), immunity, antioxidant status, and intestinal barrier function in coccidia-infected broilers were investigated. A total of 240 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into four groups with six replicates of ten broilers each for 42 days. Four treatments included control diet (non-infected control, NC), control diet +Eimeria infection (infected control, IC), control diet +0.5 g/kg CGA + Eimeria infection (CGA0.5), and control diet +1 g/kg CGA + Eimeria infection (CGA1). At day 14, each broiler in IC, CGA0.5, and CGA1 groups was orally inoculated with 1 mL saline containing 4 × 105 sporulated oocysts. The results showed that the CGA1 group increased the average daily gain by 12.57% (p < 0.001) and decreased the feed/gain ratio (p = 0.010) and mortality (p = 0.030) by 13.00% and 77.76%, respectively, of broilers from 14 to 42 days compared with the IC group. The CGA1 group decreased the oocysts per gram of excreta (p < 0.001) and bloody diarrhea score (p = 0.001) compared with the IC group. The CGA0.5 and CGA1 groups increased total antioxidant capacity (p < 0.001) at day 21 and villus height (p < 0.001) in the duodenum and jejunum at day 42, and decreased the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) (p = 0.002), malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.001), D-lactic acid (p < 0.001), and diamine oxidase (DAO) (p < 0.001) at day 21 and the levels of MDA (p < 0.001) and D-lactic acid (p = 0.003) at day 42 compared with the IC group. In the CGA1 group, villus height in the duodenum (p < 0.001) and jejunum (p = 0.017) increased at day 21 and in the ileum (p < 0.001) at day 42, and the level of DAO (p < 0.001) decreased at day 42 compared with the IC group. Broilers in the IC group had a higher IL-6 level (p = 0.048) at day 42 and lower IL-10 (p = 0.027) and immunoglobulin A (p = 0.042) levels at day 21, and IL-10 level (p = 0.017) at day 42 than those in the NC group, while no significant differences were observed among the NC, CGA0.5, and CGA1 groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 1 g/kg CGA improved growth performance, immunity, antioxidant status, and intestinal barrier function in coccidia-infected broilers.

Efficacy of Ficus sycomorus (Sycamore Fig) Extract on Intestinal Coccidiosis in Experimentally Infected Rabbits

“…In addition, the histopathological investigation of the intestinal tissues revealed that both diclazuril and F. sycomorus extract may exhibit anticoccidial effects against E. intestinalis. These results could be due to the effect of chlorogenic acid as an anticoccidial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and the improvement of intestinal barrier function [21] and the antiprotozoal effect of quercetin [18]. Both chlorogenic acid and quercetin were detected in the F. sycomorus methanolic extract [17][18][19].…”

“…Thus, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of F. sycomorus may result in a rapid amelioration of the negative effects of coccidiosis in rabbits. Moreover, chlorogenic acid exhibited an anticoccidial effect and an improvement of intestinal barrier function in coccidia-infected broilers [21]. The current study aimed to investigate the potential anticoccidial effect of the methanolic extract of F. sycomorus stem bark on controlling intestinal coccidiosis in growing rabbits, with emphasis on E. intestinalis because of its wide range prevalence and pathogenicity.…”

“…In addition, F. sycomorus stem bark extract contains chlorogenic acid [19], which exhibits antibacterial [20], antioxidant [21][22][23], and anti-inflammatory [21] effects. Dietary supplementation of chlorogenic acid in chickens suffering from necrotic enteritis resulted in depression of proinflammatory mediators' expression, such as interferon (IFN)-β, IFN-γ, interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-17A, IL-22, and tumor necrosis factor-α, with improvement of the growth performance [21,24]. Other pharmacologic properties of F. sycomorus such as antibacterial [25,26], antifungal [27], and trypanocidal activities [28] have been reported.…”

Supplementation with honeysuckle extract improves growth performance, immune performance, gut morphology, and cecal microbes in geese

“…Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a component of HE. Supplementation of 1 g/kg of CGA improved growth performance, immune function, antioxidant status, and intestinal barrier function in coccidial-infected broilers ( 17 ). Dietary CGA supplementation at 1 g/kg improved growth performance and quality and oxidative statuses of meat in pigs subjected or not to oxidative stress induced by dietary oxidized oil ( 18 ).…”

Effects of dietary supplementation with chlorogenic acid on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and hepatic inflammation in broiler chickens subjected to diquat-induced oxidative stress

“…It has been shown that dietary supplementation with CGA could improve growth performance and intestinal mucosal antioxidant capacity in piglets by elevating antioxidant enzyme activities, preventing lipid peroxidation, and activating antioxidant signaling pathways ( Chen et al, 2018a , b ; Zhang et al, 2018 ). In broilers, dietary CGA supplementation has been reported to enhance growth performance, alleviate inflammatory response, prevent gut damage, improve intestinal mucosal barrier function, and ameliorate oxidative injury in broilers challenged with Clostridium perfringens or coccidia ( Zhang et al, 2020 ; Liu et al, 2022a ). However, little was known about the antioxidant function of CGA in oxidatively stressed broilers.…”