Effects of chlorine and chloramines on earthy and musty odors in drinking water

Oestman, E.; Schweitzer, Linda; Tomboulian, Paul; Corado, Ana; Suffet, I. H.

doi:10.2166/wst.2004.0558

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…An extensive review of the treatment removal of geosmin and 2-MIB from raw water is beyond the scope of this paper, which focuses on microbial processes. For overviews of the numerous chemical and photooxidative techniques widely in use, the reader is referred to the numerous studies dealing with these processes and their effectiveness for different source waters (52,54,61,77 (12,34,72). Because of their stability, both compounds are difficult to oxidize with the conventional processes applied during water purification (54).…”

Section: Proactive Control Of Geosmin and 2-mib In Water Sources: Trementioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and Ecological Control of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol in Source Waters

Jüttner

Watson

2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

359

262

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2The majority of all biologically caused taste-and-odor outbreaks in drinking water characterized worldwide are caused by microbial production of (Ϫ)-geosmin [(Ϫ)-(4S,4aS,8aR)-4,8a-dimethyloctahydronaphthalen-4a-ol] and (Ϫ)-2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) {(1R-exo)-1,2,7,7-tetramethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol}. Since they were first identified in the early 1960s, these two earthy-muddy-smelling metabolites have been the focus of considerable research, which has collectively produced over 400 scientific articles, reports, websites, and conference proceedings. Yet despite this substantial body of knowledge, geosmin and 2-MIB remain poorly understood throughout much of the water industry, and misconceptions which impede the prediction, treatment, and control of these volatile organic compounds (VOCs) persist. This paper reviews salient aspects of our current knowledge on the sources and properties of geosmin and 2-MIB which are essential to understanding and managing drinking water malodors. In particular, we highlight some key factors regulating the storage and release of these compounds by cells. These important factors are often overlooked and may contribute to some of the apparent ambiguity of many taste-and-odor outbreaks.

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Section: Proactive Control Of Geosmin and 2-mib In Water Sources: Trementioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and Ecological Control of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol in Source Waters

Jüttner

Watson

2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

359

262

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“…There were no complaints related to grassy odor from consumers. This may be due to the fact that the weak grassy odor is easily masked by disinfectants in the finished water [35, 36]. In addition, several other odor compounds such as 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, pyridine, 2-methyl-phenol and thiazole were detected in two reservoirs, but the OAVs of these substances are below < 1; it means that these compounds have limited contribution to T&O in the reservoirs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source water odor in one reservoir in hot and humid areas of southern China: occurrence, diagnosis and possible mitigation measures

Rong

Liu

Li³

et al. 2018

Environ Sci Eur

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BackgroundIdentifying typical odor-causing compounds is essential for odor problem control in drinking water. In this study, aiming at a major water source reservoir in hot and humid areas in southern China, which encountered seasonable odor problems in recent years, an integrated approach including comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC–TOFMS), flavor profile analysis (FPA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was adopted to investigate the odor occurrence.ResultsThe results indicated that earthy–musty odor is blamed to the seasonable odor problems, and it is consistent with the complaints results from consumers. Fifty-four typical odor compounds were investigated in the reservoir and twelve were detected, of which, 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) was significantly increased during the odor event. Pseudanabaena sp. is the dominant species in the reservoir, which can be further represented by the number of mic gene with qPCR method (R2 = 0.746, P < 0.001). Oxygen consumption (CODMn) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) have great influence on growth of Pseudanabaena sp., and the release of 2-MIB from the Pseudanabaena sp. cells is affected by temperature and light.ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that 2-MIB is the odor-caused substance in the reservoir and Pseudanabaena sp. is the main 2-MIB producer, which was confirmed as a benthic filamentous algae. Due to CODMn and DOC have great influence on Pseudanabaena sp. growth, further measures to reduce the CODMn and DOC input should be performed. We also demonstrated that the 2-MIB release is affected by temperature and light. The risk of sudden increase of 2-MIB will be reduced by raising the depth of water in the reservoir. Our study will improve the understanding of T&O problems in this city, as well as in other hot and humid area.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12302-018-0175-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Meanwhile, the concentration of total residual chlorine in pipe network would necessarily reduce the levels of GSM and 2-MIB [ 22 , 23 ]. But, however, an experimental error (10–70%) may be observed due to the presence of free residual chlorine, and this error can decline after dechlorination (less than 10%) [ 22 , 24 ]. Consequently, the average values of two odorants in Table 3 may increase from filtration to chlorination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical and Seasonal Patterns of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol in Environmental Water in Jiangsu Province of China

Zhang

Peng

Jin³

et al. 2014

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

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This study was conducted to obtain the basic data of two common odorants—geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (GSM and 2-MIB)—in environmental water. More specifically, the headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) was applied to determine the levels of GSM and 2-MIB in water samples, and the samples were collected depending on water sources, conventional treatment processes, and seasons. The significant difference was shown for the 2-MIB levels of source water (P < 0.05), the concentrations of GSM and 2-MIB decreased significantly as treatment process of tap water moved forward (P < 0.0001), and the significant differences for the levels of GSM and 2-MIB were observed among three sampling periods (P < 0.01). The levels of GSM and 2-MIB in all water samples were lower than 10 ng L−1, the odor threshold concentration (OTC), and the conventional treatment process plays a significant role in removing odorants in tap water.

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Effects of chlorine and chloramines on earthy and musty odors in drinking water

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Biochemical and Ecological Control of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol in Source Waters

Biochemical and Ecological Control of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol in Source Waters

Source water odor in one reservoir in hot and humid areas of southern China: occurrence, diagnosis and possible mitigation measures

Geographical and Seasonal Patterns of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol in Environmental Water in Jiangsu Province of China

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