Effects of Chitosan on Intestinal Inflammation in Weaned Pigs Challenged by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Xiao, Dingfu; Wang, Yongfei; Liu, Gang; He, Jianhua; Qiu, Wei; Hu, Xionggui; Feng, Zemeng; Ran, Maoliang; Nyachoti, C. M.; Kim, Sung Woo; Tang, Zhiru; Yin, Yulong

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104192

Cited by 72 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Chitosan as a dietary supplement has been explored for its potential as an antimicrobial growth promoter and has been shown to promote growth in broiler chickens [12, 13] and pigs [14]. This could be ascribed to higher feed intake, serum growth hormone, and IGF-1 concentrations [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Dosage of Chitosan Supplementation Improves Intestinal Permeability and Impairs Barrier Function in Mice

Guan

Wang²,

Peng

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between low dose dietary supplementation with chitosan (COS) and body weight, feed intake, intestinal barrier function, and permeability in mice. Twenty mice were randomly assigned to receive an unadulterated control diet (control group) or a dietary supplementation with 30 mg/kg dose of chitosan (COS group) for two weeks. Whilst no significant differences were found between the conditions for body weight or food and water intake, mice in the COS group had an increased serum D-lactate content (P < 0.05) and a decreased jejunal diamine oxidase (DAO) activity (P < 0.05). Furthermore, mice in COS group displayed a reduced expression of occludin and ZO-1 (P < 0.05) and a reduced expression of occludin in the ileum (P < 0.05). The conclusion drawn from these findings showed that although 30 mg/kg COS-supplemented diet had no effect on body weight or feed intake in mice, this dosage may compromise intestinal barrier function and permeability. This research will contribute to the guidance on COS supplements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Dosage of Chitosan Supplementation Improves Intestinal Permeability and Impairs Barrier Function in Mice

Guan

Wang²,

Peng

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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“…The lesion score average, intestinal morphometry, goblet cell numbers, and inflammatory cells were used in the statistical analysis with 30 fields per segment and Chitooligosaccharide for piglets: effects on performance, viscera and intestinal morphometry (HAN et al, 2007;XU et al, 2013;WANG et al, 2012), with good results right after weaning. This pronounced effect for piglet growth seems to be related the ability of COS to act as a selective agent for gut bacteria, inhibiting the proliferation of noxious bacteria such as E. coli or Bacillus cereus (HAN et al, 2007;KUMAR et al, 2007;XIAO et al, 2014). This may be favorable for performance due to a reduction in the incidence of diarrhea (HAN et al, 2007;XU et al, 2013;WANG et al, 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Xiao et al (2014) identified a mechanism of immune regulation related to the use of 300 ppm COS in weaning piglet feed associated 1 2 jejunum) and Peyer's patches (ileum) (HERDT, 1999). A cubic epithelium and villi fusion interfere with the absorptive function of these segments and could lead to slower body growth in piglets.…”

Section: Crypt (µMmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitooligosaccharide for piglets: effects on performance, viscera and intestinal morphometry

Oliveira

Silva

Lozano

et al. 2017

SCA

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the dose-response effect of a chitooligosaccharide (COS) produced by Universidade Estadual de Londrina over performance, diarrhea episodes, visceral characteristics and morphometry. A total of 72 Pen Ar Lan ® piglets were weaned at 23 days and 7.51 ± 1.35 kg of BW. The treatment was a basic diet plus inclusion of 0, 50, 100, or 150 ppm of COS (100 mg/kg). For the visceral and morphometric evaluation, 24 animals were slaughtered at 31 days of age with 11.01 ± 1.25 kg of BW. No regression effect over the performance or diarrhea prevalence was observed. Higher doses of COS led to higher absolute values for large intestine weight, villus height in the jejunum and crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum; the villus/crypt ratio in the ileum was higher until the level of 100 ppm COS. More lesions were observed in the intestinal epithelium along with a higher total number of lymphocytes and eosinophils in the duodenum. High numbers of eosinophils were observed in the ileum when a higher level of COS was used. In general, increasing levels of COS led to better intestinal morphometry and activated somatic cells in the lamina propria of the piglet intestine; however, no influence was observed in the productive performance of these animals. Considering all studied parameters, the COS level of 100 ppm was the most promising under these experimental conditions. Key words: Nursery. Diarrhea. Prebiotic. Performance. Alternative. Oliveira, E. R. et al. Resumoe peso de órgãos de leitões aos 31 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 72 leitões de genética Pen Ar Lan®, desmamados com idade média inicial de 23 dias e peso de 7,51 ± 1,35 kg. Os tratamentos consistiram em uma dieta base com os níveis de inclusão de 0, 50, 100 e 150 ppm de QOS. Para a avaliação visceral e morfohistométrica, 24 animais foram abatidos aos 31 dias de idade e peso de 11,01 ± 1,25 kg. Não houve efeito de regressão sobre o desempenho ou incidência de diarreia. O aumento da dose utilizada de QOS levou a um aumento nos valores referentes ao peso relativo do intestino grosso, à altura de vilosidades de jejuno e à profundidade de cripta no jejuno e íleo, enquanto que, a relação vilos/cripta deste último segmento foi crescente apenas até o uso de 100 ppm de QOS. Observou-se aumento de lesões no epitélio intestinal e contagem de linfócitos e eosinófilos no duodeno e eosinófilos também no íleo com o aumento da dose do QOS até 150 ppm. De maneira geral, os níveis crescentes de QOS melhoraram a morfofisiologia intestinal e ativaram a células somáticas na lâmina própria do intestino dos leitões, entretanto, não houve influência sobre o desempenho produtivo dos animais. Frente a todos os parâmetros estudados, o nível de 100 ppm de QOS mostrou-se o mais promissor para as condições propostas por este experimento. Palavras-chave: Creche. Diarreia. Prebiótico. Performance. Alternativa.the inflammatory process in the intestine (HAN et al., 2007;MA et al., 2014;YIN et al., 2008).

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“…Chitosan is derived from chitin. The immune responses of pigs [6], mice [7], rats [8], and fish [9] have been modulated by chitosan. T cells and other immune cells produce cytokines, which are essential to the immune response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan Modulates Inflammatory Responses in Rats Infected with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Liu

Chen

Guan

et al. 2016

Mediators of Inflammation

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This study aims to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan (COS) on gastrointestinal pathogen resistance in mice model. For two weeks, a control group of ICR mice received a basal diet whilst the intervention group received the basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg COS. After two weeks, the mice fed the supplemented diet had a lower body weight. Then enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) was administered to the mice through oral gavage, with each mouse receiving 108 CFU. At day 7 after infection, the bacterial load in the jejunum and faeces was significantly lower in the COS group than that in the control group. Moreover, the mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-18, and TNF-α were significantly lower in the group of mice receiving the COS diet; also the jejunal production of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) was suppressed in the COS group. These results indicate the intervention influenced inflammation and controlled E. coli infection.

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Effects of Chitosan on Intestinal Inflammation in Weaned Pigs Challenged by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Cited by 72 publications

References 32 publications

Low Dosage of Chitosan Supplementation Improves Intestinal Permeability and Impairs Barrier Function in Mice

Low Dosage of Chitosan Supplementation Improves Intestinal Permeability and Impairs Barrier Function in Mice

Chitooligosaccharide for piglets: effects on performance, viscera and intestinal morphometry

Chitosan Modulates Inflammatory Responses in Rats Infected with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

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