Effects of childhood trauma on cortisol levels in suicide attempters and ideators

O’Connor, Daryl B.; Green, Jessica A.; Ferguson, Eamonn; O’Carroll, Ronan E.; O’Connor, Rory C.

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.11.004

Cited by 74 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Although much of this research has been conducted in the United States [ 30 ] research conducted in European countries echoes these findings and has highlighted that as exposure to ACEs increases, this negatively impacts upon mental wellbeing [ 20 ] and is associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation [ 31 ]. Additionally, early life trauma is also associated with a blunted stress response among adults with a suicidal history [ 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Hospital-Treated Self-Harm

Cleare

Wetherall

Clark

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been implicated in a range of negative health outcomes in adulthood, including increased suicide mortality. In this study, we explored the relationship between ACEs and hospital-treated self-harm. Specifically, we investigated whether those who had a history of repeat self-harm reported more ACEs than those who had self-harmed for the first time. Patients (n = 189) admitted to two hospitals in Glasgow (UK) following first-time (n = 41) or repeated (n = 148) self-harm completed psychosocial measures. Univariate analyses revealed that those presenting with repeat self-harm reported higher depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, intent to die, and ACEs, and lower dependent attachment style. However, only ACEs, along with female gender and depressive symptoms, significantly differentiated between the repeat self-harm group and the first-time self-harm group in the multivariate model. Controlling for all other psychosocial variables, participants who reported 4+ ACEs were significantly more likely to be in the repeat self-harm group as compared to those who experienced 0–3 ACEs. This finding highlights the pernicious effect of exposure to multiple ACEs. Further research is urgently required to better understand the mechanisms that explain this relationship. Clinicians should be aware of the extent of the association between ACEs and repeat self-harm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Hospital-Treated Self-Harm

Cleare

Wetherall

Clark

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…The review also found that PTSD is rarely mentioned in the literature on suicide, and vice versa; risk of suicide is rarely mentioned in the literature related to trauma [34]. More recent research has indicated a strong link between childhood trauma and an increased risk of suicide [35,36]. Historically such patients have been routinely excluded from PTSD studies as they are perceived as too risky [37], adding to the myth that suicidal patients are not safe to be treated [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using EMDR therapy with patients in an acute mental health crisis

Proudlock

Peris

2020

BMC Psychiatry

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Background: Death by suicide continues to be a global public health concern with little research demonstrating the effectiveness of treatment options. This exploratory study exams the efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy delivered to patients experiencing an acute mental health crisis to explore if by treating their background trauma, improvements could be seen in their general psychopathology and if there was a resulting decrease in their desire for suicide. Methods: A practice-based service development project was conducted within a mental health hospital. A nonrandomised, exploratory pre-test post-test design was utilised. Participants were identified from adult patients currently receiving care from either an inpatient mental health ward or the Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team (CRHTT). Those who had reported experiencing at least one event that they considered to be traumatic were offered EMDR Therapy. Notes from the electronic database were analysed to assess contact with services 12 months prior to treatment and following treatment. Results: 72 patients were offered treatment in the study with 57 completing treatment. Patients made significant improvements across all the psychometrics, including a reduction in suicidal ideation. The majority needed less than 10 sessions and needed no onward referral for further psychological therapy. Cost savings were realised by retracting referrals for further therapy and in early discharge from CRHTT and acute wards, and by preventing admissions. Contact with services post treatment also reduced. Conclusions: EMDR Therapy can be an effective treatment for patients experiencing a mental health crisis who have a trauma picture, resulting in significant improvements in their mental well-being and substantial cost savings for the National Health Service (NHS).

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“…3 Some epidemiologic research has suggested that CS is an independent risk factor for the development of vascular diseases and increases the morbidity and mortality of patients with coronary artery disease. 4 CS is a nonspecific reaction to long-term repeated physical irritants (e.g., acute cardiovascular reaction to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation) 5,6 and psychological irritants (e.g., emotional responses). Additionally, ample evidence has shown that unpredictable mild CS can lead to depression, 7,8 and both the risk of cerebrovascular disease and higher fatality rates have been demonstrated by numerous researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic stress: a crucial promoter of cell apoptosis in atherosclerosis

Meng

Shan

et al. 2019

J Int Med Res

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Objective: Chronic stress may lead to augmented incidence rates of coronary and cerebrovascular diseases associated with atherosclerosis. However, few studies have focused on the effect of chronic stress on atherosclerosis plaque formation. Therefore, this study was designed to directly evaluate how chronic stress affects atherosclerosis. Methods: Thirty rabbits were divided into three groups: the control group, balloon-injury operation þ high-fat diet model group, and chronic stress þ balloon-injury operation þ high-fat diet model group. Physical and social stress were induced, and proteomic methods were applied to identify specific markers. Results: After protein determination, the chronic stress þ balloon-injury operation þ high-fat diet model group exhibited significant upregulation of the following apoptosis-related proteins: UBE2K, caspase 3, caspase 9, BAX, P53, and FAS. In particular, real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that the protein expression of caspase 9 was significantly downregulated in the stress group compared with the non-stress groups. However, the other proteins showed significantly increased expression in the stress group. Conclusion: Chronic stress may promote cell apoptosis in the physiopathologic process of atherosclerosis.

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Effects of childhood trauma on cortisol levels in suicide attempters and ideators

Cited by 74 publications

References 50 publications

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Hospital-Treated Self-Harm

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Hospital-Treated Self-Harm

Using EMDR therapy with patients in an acute mental health crisis

Chronic stress: a crucial promoter of cell apoptosis in atherosclerosis

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