Effects of Childhood Adversity and Its Interaction with the MAOA, BDNF, and COMT Polymorphisms on Subclinical Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms in Generally Healthy Youth

Tsai, Meng‐Che; Jhang, Kai Jyun; Lee, Chih Ting; Lin, Yu Fang; Strong, Carol; Lin, Yi; Hsieh, Yi-Ping; Lin, Chung‐Ying

doi:10.3390/children7090122

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Nevertheless, for girls, physical abuse increased the likelihood of having an ADHD diagnosis, while for boys, only emotional abuse was associated with increased likelihood of ADHD [59]. Finally, genetic factors may play a significant role in the positive association of ELS, precisely childhood maltreatment, with ADHD diagnosis or subclinical ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents [60, 61]. In a study that investigated genetic determinants of exposure to adversity among youth aged 5–27 years, a polygenic score for ADHD was associated with exposure to early life adversity [60].…”

Section: Els and Neurodevelopmental Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Life Stress, Hormones, and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Makris

Eleftheriades

Pervanidou³

2022

Horm Res Paediatr

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Background: Early Life Stress (ELS) describes a broad spectrum of adverse and stressful prenatal events, namely prenatal maternal stress (PMS), or early postnatal events, which can have detrimental long-term influences on the physiology, cognition, and behavior of an individual. There is abundant evidence indicating that ELS exerts its lasting effects on the physical and mental health of the individual, likely acting through a number of mediating mechanisms, including the disruption of developmental programming of the fetus. Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), for example, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), are a group of conditions that typically manifest during infancy, childhood, or adolescence and are characterized by developmental deficits in various domains. Summary: The scope of the current mini-review is to provide an up-to-date summary of the findings regarding the association of ELS and NDDs and the possible hormonal mechanisms through which PMS exerts its impact on neurodevelopment. We focus on the available evidence regarding children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD or ASD. ELS exposure during developmental vulnerability windows may increase the risk for either subclinical neuropsychological alterations or clinical conditions, such as NDDs. In fact, a large body of evidence underlies the association of ELS exposure and increased risk for NDDs in the offspring. Key Messages: The majority of data suggest that ELS, including PMS, may be associated with ADHD and ASD in the offspring, although there is no consensus regarding the critical developmental periods. Carefully controlled prospective studies are needed to determine the possible causal processes and mechanisms underlying the association of ELS and NDDs.

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Section: Els and Neurodevelopmental Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Life Stress, Hormones, and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Makris

Eleftheriades

Pervanidou³

2022

Horm Res Paediatr

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“…Exactly 526 (0.32%) of the questions were missing/blank, stemming from 384 participants, yielding a very small degree of missingness. The ACE score was computed as the sum of affirmative responses a participant reported (Gilbert et al, 2015;Park et al, 2020;Tsai et al, 2020). A participant with two ACEs, for example, encountered two different types of adverse childhood events at least one time each by the age of 18.…”

Section: Aces As An Environmental Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of ACEs on BMI: An Investigation of the Genotype-Environment Effects of BMI

et al. 2022

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Adverse Childhood Experiences are stressful and traumatic events occurring before the age of eighteen shown to cause mental and physical health problems, including increased risk of obesity. Obesity remains an ongoing national challenge with no predicted solution. We examine a subset of the Healthy Nevada Project, focusing on a multi-ethnic cohort of 15,886 sequenced participants with recalled adverse childhood events, to study how ACEs and their genotype-environment interactions affect BMI. Specifically, the Healthy Nevada Project participants sequenced by the Helix Exome+ platform were cross-referenced to their electronic medical records and social health determinants questionnaire to identify: 1) the effect of ACEs on BMI in the absence of genetics; 2) the effect of genotype-environment interactions on BMI; 3) how these gene-environment interactions differ from standard genetic associations of BMI. The study found very strong significant associations between the number of adverse childhood experiences and adult obesity. Additionally, we identified fifty-five common and rare variants that exhibited gene-interaction effects including three variants in the CAMK1D gene and four variants in LHPP; both genes are linked to schizophrenia. Surprisingly, none of the variants identified with interactive effects were in canonical obesity-related genes. Here we show the delicate balance between genes and environment, and how the two strongly influence each other.

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