Effects of chemical surface coating (Rain-Z<sup>TM</sup>) on the powder yield of spray-drying: a preliminary approach

Ramlan, Nadiah; Zamri, Nazirah Wahidah Mohd; Maskat, Mohamad Yusof; Aizad, Syazwan; Zubairi, Saiful Irwan

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2017.1152.23

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Bhd., Shah Alam, Malaysia) were used as the substrates to mimic the pilot- (Buchi Mini Spray Dryer B-290, Büchi, Flawil, Switzerland) and industrial-scale spray drying chamber wall. The two substrates were chosen as they were frequently used either at the laboratory or industrial grade to study the powder deposition on both types of material [ 5 , 11 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response Surface Optimisation of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on Borosilicate Glass and Stainless Steel (SS316) to Increase Hydrophobicity

2022

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Particle deposition on the surface of a drying chamber is the main drawback in the spray drying process, reducing product recovery and affecting the quality of the product. In view of this, the potential application of chemical surface modification to produce a hydrophobic surface that reduces the powder adhesion (biofouling) on the wall of the drying chamber is investigated in this study. A hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) solution was used in the vertical dipping method at room temperature to determine the optimum coating parameters on borosilicate glass and stainless steel substrates, which were used to mimic the wall surface of the drying chamber, to achieve highly hydrophobic surfaces. A single-factor experiment was used to define the range of the PDMS concentration and treatment duration using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) was used to study the effects of the concentration of the PDMS solution (X1, %) and the treatment duration (X2, h) on the contact angle of the substrates (°), which reflected the hydrophobicity of the surface. A three-dimensional response surface was constructed to examine the influence of the PDMS concentration and treatment duration on contact angle readings, which serve as an indicator of the surface’s hydrophobic characteristics. Based on the optimisation study, the PDMS coating for the borosilicate glass achieved an optimum contact angle of 99.33° through the combination of a PDMS concentration of X1 = 1% (w/v) and treatment time of X2 = 4.94 h, while the PDMS coating for the stainless steel substrate achieved an optimum contact angle of 98.31° with a PDMS concentration of X1 = 1% (w/v) and treatment time of X2 = 1 h. Additionally, the infrared spectra identified several new peaks that appeared on the PDMS-treated surfaces, which represented the presence of Si-O-Si, Si-CH3, CH2, and CH3 functional groups for the substrates coated with PDMS. Furthermore, the surface morphology analysis using the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) showed the presence of significant roughness and a uniform nanostructure on the surface of the PDMS-treated substrates, which indicates the reduction in wettability and the potential effect of unwanted biofouling on the spray drying chamber. The application of PDMS and PTFE on the optimally coated substrates successfully reduced the amount of full cream milk particles that adhered to the surface. The low surface energy of the treated surface (19–27 mJ/m2) and the slightly higher surface tension of the full cream milk (54–59 mJ/m2) resulted in a high contact angle (102–103°) and reduced the adhesion work on the treated substrates (41–46 mJ/m2) as compared to the native substrates.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response Surface Optimisation of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on Borosilicate Glass and Stainless Steel (SS316) to Increase Hydrophobicity

2022

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“…Bhd and were utilized to simulate the chamber wall of a spray dryer (Buchi Mini Spray Dryer B-290, Bu ¨chi, Flawil, Switzerland) A commercially accessible polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape, produced by the chemical company Hyunwoo Chemical in Korea, was selected for surface modification using plasma treatment. The specimens were sliced into square-shaped samples measuring 2.0 cm × 2.0 cm with a thickness of 0.2 mm for plasma treatment [20]. They were subjected to a cleaning procedure using pure ethanol followed by pure isooctane (GR for analysis, Merck) before being introduced into the plasma chamber.…”

Section: Preparation Of Hydrophobic Substratementioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coated film for food processing: Unveiling surface transformations through oxygenated plasma treatment and parameter optimization using response surface methodology

Abidin,

Hashim,

Zubairi

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Spray drying fruit juice powders poses challenges because sugars and organic acids with low molecular weight and a low glass transition temperature inherently cause stickiness. This study employed a hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film to mimic the surface of the drying chamber wall. The Central Composite Design (CCD) using response surface methodology investigated the impact of power (X1, Watt) and the duration of oxygenated plasma treatment (X2, minutes) on substrate contact angle (°), reflecting surface hydrophobicity. To validate the approach, Morinda citrofolia (MC) juice, augmented with maltodextrins as drying agents, underwent spray drying on the improved PTFE-coated surface. The spray drying process for MC juice was performed at inlet air temperatures of 120, 140, and 160°C, along with Noni juice-to-maltodextrin solids ratios of 4.00, 1.00, and 0.25. The PTFE-coated borosilicate substrate, prepared at a radio frequency (RF) power of 90W for 15 minutes of treatment time, exhibited a porous and spongy microstructure, correlating with superior contact angle performance (171°) compared to untreated borosilicate glass. Optimization data indicated that the PTFE film attained an optimum contact angle of 146.0° with a specific combination of plasma RF operating power (X1 = 74 W) and treatment duration (X2 = 10.0 minutes). RAMAN spectroscopy indicated a structural analysis with an ID/IG ratio of 0.2, while Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis suggested an average particle size of less than 100 nm for all coated films. The process significantly improved the powder’s hygroscopicity, resistance to caking, and moisture content of maltodextrin-MC juice. Therefore, the discovery of this modification, which applies oxygen plasma treatment to PTFE-coated substrates, effectively enhances surface hydrophobicity, contact angle, porosity, roughness, and ultimately improves the efficacy and recovery of the spray drying process.

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“…Physicochemical analysis was done on both fresh and contaminated milk. Analyses that were done in this study were Brix, colour, pH and contact angle (Ramlan et al 2018(Ramlan et al , 2017. Brix analysis was done by using Master refractometer (Master -53a, Japan).…”

Section: Physicochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Microbial Detection Model System in UHT Milk Products using Poly(L-Lactic Acid) (PLLA) Thin Film

Yusof

Sani²,

Anuar³

et al. 2018

JSM

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Ultra-high temperature is a process that involves heating of milk to a very high temperature to produce sterile milk products. However, food poisoning due to consumption of UHT milk still happen in Malaysia. This study was done to develop a film that is made by poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) to detect the presence of microorganisms in UHT milk products. UHT milk that was used in this study was full cream milk. Contaminated milk that contained Bacillus cereus was made to conduct a model system on the relationship between colony forming unit of microorganisms and contact angle. Contaminated milk was also used as a control sample to study the difference of milk properties between fresh and contaminated milk. Physicochemical analysis (Brix, colour, pH and contact angle) and microbiological analysis (total plate count) were done to UHT milk sample as soon as the packaging of the milk was unsealed. Analysis was done with 30 min time interval until 4 h and 30 min since the unsealing of packaging. The results showed that presence of microorganisms in UHT milk was detected after the milk product was unsealed and exposed to environment for 3 h and 30 min. Contact angle resulted from the presence of microorganisms in UHT milk was 64.34-65.44° with its colony forming unit, 2.1-3.9 cfu/mL. Therefore, the potential usage of contact angle on PLLA thin film with respect to colony forming unit (cfu) in detecting the presence of microorganisms in UHT milk product was attained and well modelled.

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Effects of chemical surface coating (Rain-Z^TM) on the powder yield of spray-drying: a preliminary approach

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Response Surface Optimisation of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on Borosilicate Glass and Stainless Steel (SS316) to Increase Hydrophobicity

Response Surface Optimisation of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on Borosilicate Glass and Stainless Steel (SS316) to Increase Hydrophobicity

Enhancing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coated film for food processing: Unveiling surface transformations through oxygenated plasma treatment and parameter optimization using response surface methodology

Rapid Microbial Detection Model System in UHT Milk Products using Poly(L-Lactic Acid) (PLLA) Thin Film

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Effects of chemical surface coating (Rain-ZTM) on the powder yield of spray-drying: a preliminary approach

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Response Surface Optimisation of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on Borosilicate Glass and Stainless Steel (SS316) to Increase Hydrophobicity

Response Surface Optimisation of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on Borosilicate Glass and Stainless Steel (SS316) to Increase Hydrophobicity

Enhancing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coated film for food processing: Unveiling surface transformations through oxygenated plasma treatment and parameter optimization using response surface methodology

Rapid Microbial Detection Model System in UHT Milk Products using Poly(L-Lactic Acid) (PLLA) Thin Film

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Product

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Effects of chemical surface coating (Rain-Z^TM) on the powder yield of spray-drying: a preliminary approach