Effects of chemical stress on the population dynamics of Daphnia magna: A comparison of two test procedures

Confounding Factors in Bioassays with Freshwater and Marine Organisms

“…References: (1) Ankley et al, 1990;(2) Persoone et al,in prep. ;(3) Nebeker et al, 1992;(4) Brehm and Meijering, 1982;(5) Zhuang, 1994;(6) Gersich and Hopkins, 1986; (7) Mount and Norberg, 1984;(8) Qureshi et al, 1982;(9) WHO, 1986;(10) Bringmann and KuK hn, 1977;(11) Cowgill and Millazzo, 1990;(12) van Leeuwen et al, 1985;(13) Homer and Waller, 1983;(14) van Leeuwen et al, 1987;(15) Alabaster and Lloyd, 1980;(16) OECD 203, 1992;(17) Rubin and Elmaraghy, 1977;(18) van de Ende et al, 1999;(19) Williams et al, 1986;(20) Monda et al, 1995;(21) Bervoets et al, 1996;(22) Heinis, 1993. If possible, observed threshold concentrations as well as estimated L(E)C values are given.…”

Toxicity Evaluation of Waters from a Tributary of the River Po Using the 7-DayCeriodaphnia dubiaTest

“…Geiger et al (1980), Winner (1981), andVan Leeuwen et al (1987) have found that growth of Daphnia, measured in terms of carapace length, was a highly sensitive parameter for detecting the effects of toxicants such as cadmium, chromium, zinc, naphthalene, and phenanthrene. On the other hand, the opposite result as well as an equal sensitivity of reproduction and growth was also observed with other toxicants such as ammonia (Gersich et al, 1985), bromide, 2,4-dichloroaniline (Van Leeuwen et al, 1987), or other chlorinated hydrocarbons (Ritcher et al, 1983).…”

“…Geiger et al (1980), Winner (1981), andVan Leeuwen et al (1987) have found that growth of Daphnia, measured in terms of carapace length, was a highly sensitive parameter for detecting the effects of toxicants such as cadmium, chromium, zinc, naphthalene, and phenanthrene. On the other hand, the opposite result as well as an equal sensitivity of reproduction and growth was also observed with other toxicants such as ammonia (Gersich et al, 1985), bromide, 2,4-dichloroaniline (Van Leeuwen et al, 1987), or other chlorinated hydrocarbons (Ritcher et al, 1983). Several of these pollutants were directly measured or found to be bioavailable in the area of study (Ciceri et al, 1991;Camusso et al, 1994); thus, if similar responses can be expected for Ceriodaphnia (Knight and Waller, 1987), it is likely that variable compositions of toxicant mixtures in Lambro water can mainly affect either growth or reproduction, or both, at the different time periods, i.e., consistent with present findings (Table 1).…”

Comparison of two population‐level ecotoxicological endpoints: The intrinsic (rm) and instantaneous (ri) rates of increase

“…The integration of population-level endpoints in the assessment of xenobiotic compounds has been promoted as more ecologically relevant than individual-level endpoints [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The National Research Council, in its report by the Committee to Review Methods in Ecotoxicology [10], emphasized that the assessment of toxicological effect needs to be evaluated beyond the traditional, individual-level endpoints and the potential effects of xenobiotics at the population, community, and ecosystem level should be considered [6].…”