Effects of Chelation and of Certain Cations on the Mobility of Foliar-Applied 45ca in Stock, Broad Bean, Peas, and Subterranean Clover

Millikan, CR; Hanger, BC

doi:10.1071/bi9650211

Cited by 41 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Biddulph et al (4), however, found rapid enough turnover of Ca in the cortex of beans to indicate that it too may serve as a channel for ascent of Ca. The possibility of Ca transport in the phloem also has been proposed (23,26,32,37).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The exchange is not specific. Ca ions can be freed for ascent by other divalent cations such as Sr, Mg, Mn, and Zn (1,23,24). Water and K are unable to free Ca from the exchange sites (1,24,26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ca was translocated from senescent leaves (12,20) and from petioles when cations were injected into the midrib of the leaf (23,24,28 ported when roots were subjected to Ca deficiency (15). These treatments are not always successful, because failure of triiodobenzoic acid and citric acid to mobilize Ca has been reported (5,37).…”

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Calcium Transport in Apple Trees

Shear

Faust

1970

Plant Physiol.

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45Ca, applied to roots of apple seedlings, moved readily to the developing leaves. Kinetin, benzyladenine, and B sprays increased movement. NO,-as the source of N increased movement and accumulation of Ca into mature leaves; NH4+ increased movement into new leaves. Translocation in the stem is effected by a nonspecific ion exchange. Any divalent cation can free Ca for ascent. The exchange may be a property of lignin. Genetic differences in the uptake and translocation of Ca exist among apple seedlings. Those which show juvenile leaf characteristics translocate Ca into mature leaves more readily. Translocation of Ca in woody species appears to be similar to that reported for herbaceous plants.Sufficient Ca in the fruit may prevent the development of several physiological disorders of the apple (10, 29). Ca may be translocated into the fruit for a short time only at the beginning of the growth of the fruit, or throughout the entire growing season (39). Occasionally, Ca may even decrease in the fruit, perhaps being transported back into the tree (39).Ca movement in the tree must be understood before Ca translocation into the fruit can be influenced. We grew the seedlings in solution culture with vigorous aeration in 1-liter brown plastic bottles. The composition of the nutrient solutions are given in Table I. Prior to this time, the seedlings had been grown for 6 to 8 weeks in flats of quartz sand or in aerated solution culture receiving the intermediate level of Ca, and N as } NH4+ and T NO3-. The solutions were changed weekly until the plants reached the height of 25 to 30 cm. Then 12 ,uc of 45Ca were added to the solution. Seedlings were harvested 1 week after the addition of 45Ca. Appropriate tissue samples were prepared for counting, and autoradiographs were made of the whole plants.In the soil experiment we grew the seedlings for 2 years in 3-gallon crocks of a soil-sand-peat mixture with which the following quantities of salts had been thoroughly mixed at planting time: KH2PO4, 10.5 g; Mg(OH)2, 4.5 g; Ca(OH)2, 4.5 g; and either NaNO3, 18 g; NH4N03, 9 g; or (NH4)2S04, 15 g. To inhibit the conversion of NH4+ to NO3-, 0.06 g of 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine was mixed with the substrate. During the second growing season only the N sources in solution were added to the crocks at the following weekly rates: NaNO3, 15 g; NH4NO3, 7.1 g; or (NH4)2SO4, 6 g plus NH40H(28%), 10 ml.Autoradiographs were prepared by using 8 x 10-inch Kodak no-screen ready-pack X-ray film. Envelopes of film were opened; plants previously mounted on cardboard and dried were placed in the envelope; the envelope was sealed with black plastic tape; and the film was exposed for 1 week.Samples for radioactivity were counted in a planchet-counting system equipped with a gas flow detector. Ca in the leaves was analyzed with an "emission" spectrometer. Details of this analysis have been described previously (11).We measured Ca exchange from the sites by the use of 5-cm stem pieces from plants grown in 45Ca. Stems were inverted and t...

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Calcium Transport in Apple Trees

Shear

Faust

1970

Plant Physiol.

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“…The plants were allowed to grow until they had at least seven trifoliate leaves, when the various radioactive doses as 65ZnS04 .7H20 detailed below were injected into old leaves by the method described by Millikan and Hanger (1965).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chelation and of Various Cations on the Mobility of Foliar-Applied 65zn in Subterranean Clover

Millikan¹,

Hanger²

1965

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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SummaryInjection of 65Zn of high specific activity into old leaves of subterranean clover (Trifolium 8ubterraneum L.) resulted in the virtual immobilization of the isotope in the laminae of the treated leaves. The addition of 30, 300, or 500 p.g respectively of non-radioactive zinc to the dose resulted in progressively increased ,movement of 65Zn into other parts of the plant.Movement of 65Zn from the injected leaf was also enhanced by the addition to the dose of either EDTA or one of various cations in amounts equivalent to 500 p.g Zn. This enhancement was comparable with that induced by 500 p.g Zn with EDTA, Cu2+, Mn2+, and Fe2+; intermediate with Mg2+ and Ca2+; and least with Na+ andK+.It is concluded that non-selective negatively charged sites of fixation occur in the leaf of subterranean clover.

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“…At the same time 18 of the remaining plants in both the normal-and lowcalcium series were injected via leaf 3 with 1226 p,g non-radioactive calcium (as CaCh) in 0·2 ml water, by the method described by Millikan and Hanger (1965). Twentyfour hours later, when absorption was complete, two of the injected plants from each calcium series were immediately autoradiographed and the remainder prepared for 45Ca extraction.…”

Section: (A) Redistribution Of 45ca In T Subterraneummentioning

confidence: 99%

Redistribution of 45ca in Trifolium Subterranevm L. and Antirrhinum Majus L.

Millikan¹,

Hanger²

1967

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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SummaryInjection of non·radioactive calcium into leaf 3 of normal· or low-calcium T. 8ubterraneum plants immediately after transfer to tracer-free solutions caused changes in the distribution of 450a in the low-calcium plants only. In these plants the mean 450a concentration in the laminae of all leaves was appreciably increased as a result of the influx of 450a from the petioles.For both normal-and low-calcium plants 2 weeks growth in tracer-free solutions resulted in a reduction of the mean 450a concentration in both laminae and petioles of the old leaves, while the isotope appeared in riew leaves produced during this period.A calcium injection at the end of this growth period caused a further reduction in mean 450a concentration in laminae and petioles of the old leaves, and movement of the isotope into the new leaves. This movement was mainly into the lamina centre of the low-calcium and, to a much lesser degree, into the petioles of the normal-calcium leaves.Dialysis of 450a in leaf 2 showed that these changes in ooncentration of the isotope were restricted to the water-soluble fraction in the normal-calcium samples. In the low-calcium samples most of the change also occurred in the water-soluble fraction, but small changes were also recorded in the fractions extracted by sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, and hydrochloric acid.With A. majus plants a much greater redistribution of previously deposited 450a occurred in both original and new leaves of low-calcium plants transferred to tracer-free, normal-calcium solutions than in plants transferred to low-calcium solutions.Redistribution of 450a occurred also in normal-calcium plants transferred to normal-calcium solutions and to a lesser extent in normal plants transferred to low-calcium solutions. This redistribution of 450a continued between days 8 and 16 after transfer to tracer-free solutions. 450a artefacts were produced in autoradiographs by drying A. majus plants grown in normal but not in low-calcium nutrient solutions.

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Effects of Chelation and of Certain Cations on the Mobility of Foliar-Applied 45ca in Stock, Broad Bean, Peas, and Subterranean Clover

Cited by 41 publications

References 14 publications

Calcium Transport in Apple Trees

Calcium Transport in Apple Trees

Effects of Chelation and of Various Cations on the Mobility of Foliar-Applied 65zn in Subterranean Clover

Redistribution of 45ca in Trifolium Subterranevm L. and Antirrhinum Majus L.

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