Effects of changes in serum osmolarity on bulk flow of fluid into cerebral ventricles and on brain water content

DiMattio, Joseph; Hochwald, G. M.; Malhan, C.; Wald, Abraham

doi:10.1007/bf00587383

Cited by 58 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The water content of the brain during glucose infusion has previously been measured only in animals, in which it was decreased by hyperosmolar and increased by hypo-osmolar infusions [46]. In the present study, although the osmolality of the serum did not markedly change (less than 2%), the water content of the cerebellum increased similarly in the diabetic and the nondiabetic participants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Cerebellar Glucose During Fasting and Acute Hyperglycemia in Nondiabetic Men and in Men with Type 1 Diabetes

et al. 2010

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In diabetic patients, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H MRS) has revealed increased brain glucose concentration and metabolite alterations that indicate neuronal damage and glial cell activation. Cerebellum is known to be more resistant to hypoglycemia than cerebrum, but the effects of both chronic and acute hyperglycemia on the cerebellum are less well known. ¹H MRS was used to quantify brain glucose and metabolite levels in the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, and the thalamus of diabetic and nondiabetic men after an overnight fast and during a hyperglycemic normoinsulinemic clamp with blood glucose 12 mmol/l above baseline. Fasting glucose levels were twice as high in the cerebellum than in the cerebrum. During acute hyperglycemia, the cerebellar glucose concentration increased by 3.0 mmol/l, which equals that in the cortex, but is 35% more than in the thalamus and 173% more than in the white matter. Acute hyperglycemia also increased the cerebellar tissue water content by 10%. There were no differences between diabetic and nondiabetic participants. Notably, the patients with complication free type 1 diabetes showed brain metabolite alterations in the cerebral cortex and the white matter but not in the cerebellum. Our study suggests that diabetes does not alter glucose content or uptake in the cerebellum. The increase in tissue water during acute hyperglycemia may serve to protect the cerebellum from the potentially deleterious effects of the excess glucose.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Cerebellar Glucose During Fasting and Acute Hyperglycemia in Nondiabetic Men and in Men with Type 1 Diabetes

et al. 2010

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“…(2) sp gr BB -sp gr Stock If the measured specific gravity of the mixture was greater than the desired value, we removed Y ml of stock and replaced it with an equal amount of kerosene; Y is given by Equation 3: y = desired sp gr -sp gr Stock • 1000. (3) sp gr K -sp gr Stock…”

Section: Specific Gravity Of Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple gravimetric technique for measurement of cerebral edema

Marmarou¹,

Pöll²,

Shulman³

et al. 1978

Journal of Neurosurgery

261

106

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A simple method was developed for the laboratory preparation of gradient columns of specific gravity used in measurement of brain-tissue water. By this automated technique, virtually linear and repeatable density gradients were obtained from which values of tissue specific gravity could be determined. The specific gravity of both solid and fresh cortex and white matter from adult cats was measured and converted to units of percent water per gram tissue using conversion factors derived for this purpose and applicable to studies of brain edema.

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“…The effect of osmolarity on the bulk flow of nascent fluid in the ventricles is examined by altering the osmolarity of either the blood (26,29,30) or the lateral ventricle (25,27,28). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serum osmolarity and bulk flow of nascent fluid. The effect of serum osmolarity on the bulk flow of nascent fluid into the ventricles in a feline model was examined by Dimattio et al (26). Glucose solutions ranging from 290-360 mOsm were infused at a rate of 2.2 mL/min for a total of 15 minutes into the femoral vein to alter the serum osmolarity during VCP.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A computational model of cerebrospinal fluid production and reabsorption driven by Starling forces

2014

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Experimental evidence has cast doubt on the classical model of river-like cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow from the choroid plexus to the arachnoid granulations. We propose a novel model of water transport through the parenchyma from the microcirculation as driven by Starling forces. This model investigates the effect of osmotic pressure on water transport between the cerebral vasculature, the extracellular space (ECS), the perivascular space (PVS), and the CSF. A rigorous literature search was conducted focusing on experiments which alter the osmolarity of blood or ventricles and measure the rate of CSF production. Investigations into the effect of osmotic pressure on the volume of ventricles and the flux of ions in the blood, choroid plexus epithelium, and CSF are reviewed. Increasing the osmolarity of the serum via a bolus injection completely inhibits nascent fluid flow production in the ventricles. A continuous injection of a hyperosmolar solution into the ventricles can increase the volume of the ventricle by up to 125%. CSF production is altered by 0.231 µL per mOsm in the ventricle and by 0.835 µL per mOsm in the serum. Water flux from the ECS to the CSF is identified as a key feature of intracranial dynamics. A complete mathematical model with all equations and scenarios is fully described, as well as a guide to constructing a computational model of intracranial water balance dynamics. The model proposed in this article predicts the effects the osmolarity of ECS, blood, and CSF on water flux in the brain, establishing a link between osmotic imbalances and pathological conditions such as hydrocephalus and edema.

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Effects of changes in serum osmolarity on bulk flow of fluid into cerebral ventricles and on brain water content

Cited by 58 publications

References 17 publications

Cerebellar Glucose During Fasting and Acute Hyperglycemia in Nondiabetic Men and in Men with Type 1 Diabetes

Cerebellar Glucose During Fasting and Acute Hyperglycemia in Nondiabetic Men and in Men with Type 1 Diabetes

A simple gravimetric technique for measurement of cerebral edema

A computational model of cerebrospinal fluid production and reabsorption driven by Starling forces

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