Effects of chalcone derivatives on players of the immune system

Abstract

The immune system is the defense mechanism in living organisms that protects against the invasion of foreign materials, microorganisms, and pathogens. It involves multiple organs and tissues in human body, such as lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. However, the execution of immune activities depends on a number of specific cell types, such as B cells, T cells, macrophages, and granulocytes, which provide various immune responses against pathogens. In addition to normal physiological functions, abnormal proliferation, migration, and differentiation of these cells (in response to various chemical stimuli produced by invading pathogens) have been associated with several pathological disorders. The unwanted conditions related to these cells have made them prominent targets in the development of new therapeutic interventions against various pathological implications, such as atherosclerosis and autoimmune diseases. Chalcone derivatives exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as immunomodulation, as well as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, and antimicrobial properties. Many studies have been conducted to determine their inhibitory or stimulatory activities in immune cells, and the findings are of significance to provide a new direction for subsequent research. This review highlights the effects of chalcone derivatives in different types of immune cells.

Immunosuppressive Effects of Natural α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl-Based Compounds, and Their Analogs and Derivatives, on Immune Cells: A Review

“…Contrary to this, adaptive or acquired immunity produces a specific effect in response to an antigen and reserves the feature of immunological memory that distinguishes it from the aforementioned response. The members of acquired immunity involve majorly T cells and B cells (Lee et al, 2015 ). In healthy organism, the immune system and the adequate redox balance of immune cells maintain homeostasis within the body.…”

The Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Nitro Fatty Acids and Other Michael Acceptor-Containing Drugs for the Treatment of Inflammation and Cancer

“…Chalcones demonstrate a broad and versatile spectrum of pharmacological activities, including immunomodulation, antiinflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, and antibiotic properties (Lee et al, 2015). Recently, a stable topical formulation has been tested containing the chalcone derivative hesperidin methyl chalcone (HMC) protecting the skin of mice towards UVBinduced oxidative stress and inflammation (Martinez et al, 2017).…”

“…Recently, a stable topical formulation has been tested containing the chalcone derivative hesperidin methyl chalcone (HMC) protecting the skin of mice towards UVBinduced oxidative stress and inflammation (Martinez et al, 2017). Other Chalcones have recently been identified as 5-LO inhibitors and urenyl chalcone derivatives exert a dual inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/5-LO activities (Lee et al, 2015). Further studies could show that chalcone derivatives inhibit secretory phospholipase A 2 , COX enzymes, lipoxygenases, proinflammatory cytokine synthesis, neutrophil chemotaxis, immune cell phagocytosis, and production of ROS (Bukhari et al, 2014a;Bukhari et al, 2014b;Lee et al, 2015).…”

“…Other Chalcones have recently been identified as 5-LO inhibitors and urenyl chalcone derivatives exert a dual inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/5-LO activities (Lee et al, 2015). Further studies could show that chalcone derivatives inhibit secretory phospholipase A 2 , COX enzymes, lipoxygenases, proinflammatory cytokine synthesis, neutrophil chemotaxis, immune cell phagocytosis, and production of ROS (Bukhari et al, 2014a;Bukhari et al, 2014b;Lee et al, 2015). Recently, a novel chalcone derivate (chalcone-O-alkylamine derivate) has been documented, demonstrating that it might be a multifunctional anti-AD agent (Bai et al, 2019).…”

Novel indolyl-chalcone derivatives inhibit A549 lung cancer cell growth through activating Nrf-2/HO-1 and inducing apoptosis in vitro and in vivo

“…The biological activities of chalcones maybe changed through the interaction with different compounds 5 . There are a lot of chalcone derivatives that have been synthesized and identified by researchers in the laboratory through different chemical methods 6 . Many reports have displayed that minor structural transformation of chalcones could induce considerable difference in the effect of anticancer, anti-inflammatory or autoimmune diseases 6 , 7 .…”