Effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles on hemostasis: Coagulation, platelets, and vascular endothelial cells

Abstract

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria [NC]) have attracted much attention in biomedicine due to their surface composition that confers interesting redox activities and regenerative properties. Studies have demonstrated that the application of NPs in biomedicine can influence components of hemostatic system, inducing blood clotting, alterations of blood cells, and endothelial cell functions. NC were tested in vitro to assess their hemocompatibility and anticoagulant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐senescence activity in human endothelial cells. Hemocompatibility has been evaluated in vitro looking at the impact of NC on coagulation times, fibrinogen, and platelet aggregation. The effect of NC on vascular endothelial cells were assayed by testing cell viability, antioxidant activity, anticoagulant (tissue factor [TF]‐mRNA expression) and anti‐inflammatory properties (VCAM‐1 exposure, cytokine release), and senescence (telomere shortening). NC did not show significant effects on coagulation process, hemolysis, or platelet aggregation. In endothelial cells, NC did not affect cell viability, reduced oxidative stress, inhibited mRNA‐TF expression, VCAM‐1 expression, and cytokine release. Moreover, NC reduce telomere shortening, possibly counteracting premature senescence. The hemocompatibility combined with anticoagulant and anti‐inflammatory phenotype and the ability of counteract the premature senescence in vascular cells make NC a promising therapeutic tool in oxidative stress‐related conditions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2019.

Potential Applications of Nanomaterials to Quench the Cytokine Storm in Coronavirus Disease 19

“…Nevertheless, the majority of these materials, such as flavonoids, carotenoids, and polyphenols regulating ROS production at different levels, often show low bioavailability, short time of circulation, poor target specificity and non-specific dispersion in normal tissues (Crascì et al, 2018). Efficient ROS scavenging activity has been obtained using inorganic nanomaterials with catalytic surface such as cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) or platinum (Pt) NPs in endothelial cells (Del Turco et al, 2019) and monocytes (Gatto et al, 2018), respectively. For long term clinical applications, however, it could be preferable using very soluble and biodegradable NPs.…”

Enhanced In Vitro Magnetic Cell Targeting of Doxorubicin-Loaded Magnetic Liposomes for Localized Cancer Therapy

“…HepG2 cells (Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were cultured in low glucose Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% non-essential amino acid solution (NEAAS), and 1% penicillin-streptomycin, at 37 °C with 5% CO 2 atmosphere. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were harvested and isolated, as previously described [ 48 ]. Human cells were obtained from discarded umbilical cords and treated anonymously.…”

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