Effects of cell size and specific growth rate on stable carbon isotope discrimination by two species of marine diatom

Korb, Rebecca E.; Raven, JA; Johnston, Andrew M.; Leftley, John W.

doi:10.3354/meps143283

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The miss-match between the effects on cell specific growth rate and on organic carbon production means that the cells have an increased cellular organic carbon quota and/or a greater production of extracellular organic carbon (see Raven et al 2005b;Finkel et al 2010). Increased CO 2 concentrations could have influences on the cell size of phytoplankton organisms through a smaller restricting effect of diffusion boundary layer thickness which is in turn a function of cell size (Korb et al 1996, Finkel et al 2010. However, there are other ecological and evolutionary constraints on cell size, e.g.…”

Section: General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algal and aquatic plant carbon concentrating mechanisms in relation to environmental change

et al. 2011

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Abstract.Carbon dioxide concentrating mechanisms (also known as inorganic carbon concentrating mechanisms; both abbreviated as CCMs) presumably evolved under conditions of low CO 2 availability. However, the timing of their origin is unclear since there are no sound estimates from molecular clocks, and even if there were, there are no proxies for the functioning of CCMs. Accordingly, we cannot use previous episodes of high CO 2 (e.g. the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum) to indicate how organisms with CCMs responded. Present and predicted environmental change in terms of increased CO 2 and temperature are leading to increased CO 2 and HCO 3 -and decreased CO 3 2-and pH in surface seawater, as well as decreasing the depth of the upper mixed layer and increasing the degree of isolation of this layer with respect to nutrient flux from deeper waters. The outcome of these forcing factors is to increase the availability of inorganic carbon, photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) to aquatic photolithotrophs and to decrease the supply of the nutrients (combined) nitrogen and phosphorus and of any non-aeolian iron. The influence of these variations on CCM expression has been examined to varying degrees as acclimation by extant organisms. Increased PAR increases CCM expression in terms of CO 2 affinity, while increased UVB has a range of effects in the organisms examined; little relevant information is available on increased temperature. Decreased combined nitrogen supply generally increases CO 2 affinity, decreased iron availability increases CO 2 affinity, and decreased phosphorus supply has varying effects on the organisms examined. There are few data sets showing interactions among the observed changes, and even less information on genetic (adaptation) 2 changes in response to the forcing factors. In freshwaters, changes in phytoplankton species composition may alter with environmental change with consequences for frequency of species with or without CCMs. The information available permits less predictive power as to the effect of the forcing factors on CCM expression than for their overall effects on growth. CCMs are currently not part of models as to how global environmental change has altered, and is likely to further alter, algal and aquatic plant primary productivity.Keywords CO 2 concentrating mechanism -combined nitrogen -inorganic carboniron -mixing depth -photosynthetically active radiation -phosphorus -temperature -UVA-UVB Abbreviations CCM CO 2 concentrating mechanism DOC Dissolved organic carbon PAR Photosynthetically active radiation (400-700 nm)Rubisco Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase UVA Ultraviolet A radiation (320-400 nm) UVB Ultraviolet B radiation (280-320 nm)

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Section: General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algal and aquatic plant carbon concentrating mechanisms in relation to environmental change

et al. 2011

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“…The increasing d 13 C through the latter part of the Cenozoic could also be explained in terms of diffusive CO 2 entry if there was an increasing cell size, based on the allometry of photosynthetic rate with the surface area per unit volume and the increasing restriction on photosynthesis by diffusion boundary layers around the cell (Korb et al 1996;Finkel et al 2005;Katz et al 2005). However, the available data show that for diatoms, the dominant contributors to marine primary productivity at that time, the mean cell size decreased rather than increased with time in the Cenozoic ( Finkel et al 2005;Katz et al 2005).…”

Section: Evolutionary Origin Of Ccms: When?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…less negative, (Raven et al 2002a). The use of d 13 C values in detecting the occurrence of CCMs in the past requires a knowledge of the source inorganic C d 13 C value, and is also influenced by temperature and by inorganic carbon concentrations as well as the rate of photosynthesis and, especially in aquatic organisms, cell or organ size and boundary-layer thickness (Korb et al 1996;Finkel et al 2005;Katz et al 2005).…”

Section: Implications Of Ccms For Natural Abundance Of C Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of inorganic carbon concentrating mechanisms in photosynthesis

Raven

Cockell

Rocha

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

293

206

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Inorganic carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) catalyse the accumulation of CO 2 around rubisco in all cyanobacteria, most algae and aquatic plants and in C 4 and crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) vascular plants. CCMs are polyphyletic (more than one evolutionary origin) and involve active transport of HCO K 3 , CO 2 and/or H C , or an energized biochemical mechanism as in C 4 and CAM plants. While the CCM in almost all C 4 plants and many CAM plants is constitutive, many CCMs show acclimatory responses to variations in the supply of not only CO 2 but also photosynthetically active radiation, nitrogen, phosphorus and iron. The evolution of CCMs is generally considered in the context of decreased CO 2 availability, with only a secondary role for increasing O 2 . However, the earliest CCMs may have evolved in oxygenic cyanobacteria before the atmosphere became oxygenated in stromatolites with diffusion barriers around the cells related to UV screening. This would decrease CO 2 availability to cells and increase the O 2 concentration within them, inhibiting rubisco and generating reactive oxygen species, including O 3 .

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“…For the interpretat~on of sedimentary organic 1996), pH (Hinga et al 1994), salj.nlty (Leboulanger et matter Sl3C, it is of particular interest, therefore, to al. 1995), light intensity (Korb et al 1996) and monitor organic matter isotope composition d u r~n g daylength (Leboulanger et al 1995) may also influence bloom formation. Periods of bloon~ development, howphytoplankton &,.…”

Section: 998)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intention of the present study, therefore, is to bicarbonate (Degens et al 1968), passive diffusion verobtain synoptic information on the relationship sus actlve uptake of inorganic carbon (Sharkey & Berry between organic matter F13C and changing environ-1985, Raven et al 1993), differences in the carboxylatmental conditions during the course of a phytoplanklng enzyme (Robinson & Cavanaugh 1995) To complete thls list, phytoplankton species-specific MATERIALS AND METHODS differences (Wong & Sackett 1978, Falkowski 1991, Korb et al 1996 and differences in nutrient utilization, Location. LindAspollene is a land-locked fjord ca i.e.…”

Section: 998)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoplankton carbon isotope fractionation during a diatom spring bloom in a Norwegian fjord

Kukert¹,

Riebesell²

1998

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The stable carbon isotope composition (613C) of particulate organic carbon (POC) was measured in 3 size fractions (POC,,,,I, POC,20,,r,,, POCcan,,,) during a phytoplankton spring bloom dominated by the diatom Skeletonerna costatum in Lindaspollene, a land-locked fjord in southern Norway. In addition to standard parameters for characterizing the phytoplankton bloom (chlorophyll, nutrient.and POC concentrations, and species composition), simultaneous measurements of F13c of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity and DIC concentration were obtained to determine temporal trends in dissolved carbon &oxide concentration and in carbon isotope fractionatlon (E,,) of the POC size fractions. The carbon isotope composition of the >20 pm size fraction, which was dominated by diatoms, was ca 2 2 , heavier than that of the c20 pm fraction, which was mainly composed of flagellates. 613C of both size fractions increased by about 3 %~ over the course of the bloom. A 5x0 increase in 613C-POC,,,,.I during the bloom resulted partly from a shift in the phytoplankton community from a flagellate-to a diatom-dominated one. Carbon isotope fractionation of all fractions decreased with declining C02(aq) concentration (14 to >6 pm01 I-'). A positive correlation between E, and [C02(aq)J in the diatom size fraction was obtained for the period of exponential growth. Deviation from this correlation occurred after the peak In cell density and chlorphyll a (chl a) concentration, when POC still continued to increase, and may be related to changing phytoplankton growth rates or to possible effects of nutnent (nitrate) limitation on %. Comparison of these results with those of previous field studies shows that, whlle an inverse relationship is consistently observed between E, and the ratio of instantaneous growth rate and CO2 concentration (pi/[C02(aq)]}, considerable scatter exists in this relationship. While thls scatter may have partly resulted from inconsistencies between the different studies in estimating phytoplankton growth rate, it could also reflect that factors other than growth rate and CO2 concentration significantly contribute to deterrninlng isotope fractionation by manne phytoplankton in the natural environment.

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Effects of cell size and specific growth rate on stable carbon isotope discrimination by two species of marine diatom

Cited by 39 publications

References 16 publications

Algal and aquatic plant carbon concentrating mechanisms in relation to environmental change

Algal and aquatic plant carbon concentrating mechanisms in relation to environmental change

The evolution of inorganic carbon concentrating mechanisms in photosynthesis

Phytoplankton carbon isotope fractionation during a diatom spring bloom in a Norwegian fjord

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