“…VPs are frequently functionalized with CPPs by the means of a covalent linkage (Figure 2b) via reactive groups of lysine, cysteine, aspartate, or glutamate or via “click chemistry” involving the incorporation of unnatural amino acid residues into a protein sequence [64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74] (Table 4). Although it has been suggested that the noncovalent attachment of CPPs to cargo molecules is preferable for the intracellular delivery of a cargo [27,75], Ad with covalently conjugated Tat has exhibited a 1.5 log higher transduction rate than Ad with a noncovalently associated Tat peptide in the same ratio [65].…”