Effects of cefazolin-containing niosome nanoparticles against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formed on chronic wounds

Abstract

The ability of biofilm formation in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes significant mortality and morbidity in wound infections. Nanoparticles because of the drug concentration increment at the point of contact of nanoparticles and bacteria, and slower release of the drug at the desired location are considered as proper tools to overcome the therapeutic problem of antimicrobial-resistant infections. This study was aimed to evaluate the anti-biofilm activity of cefazolin-loaded nanoparticles against MRSA isolates. The 27 clinical isolates of MRSA were collected from patients with pressure sores and diabetic ulcers referred to Loghman Hospital in Tehran—Iran. MRSA isolates were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and biochemical tests. Cefazolin-loaded niosome was synthesized using the thin-film hydration method and were characterized by zeta potential measurement and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The round-shaped cefazolin-loaded niosomes had a diameter of 100 nm and a −63 mV zeta potential. The cefazolin-containing niosomes removed 1, 3, and 5 d old biofilms at the concentration of 128 µg ml−1, 128 µg ml−1, and 256 µg ml−1, respectively. Histological results indicated that BALB/c mice receiving cefazolin-loaded niosomes were treated effectively faster than those treated by cefazolin or untreated group. In conclusion, the cefazolin-loaded niosome could be considered as a promising candidate for the treatment of biofilm-mediated infections of MRSA.

Electrosprayed cefazolin‐loaded niosomes onto electrospun chitosan nanofibrous membrane for wound healing applications

“…According to the acquired results, after 48 h of monitoring the drug release, the concentration reached more than half. Our previous study had also revealed that these NPs eradicated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms isolated from the patients' ulcers 23 …”

“…The final solid film was then dried entirely using nitrogen gas and suspended in 20 ml of 1 M phosphate buffer saline (PBS) with a pH value of 7.4, at 60°C (Figure 1). All prepared batches were visually observed for turbidity and flocculation in transparent containers at 4°C 23 …”

“…As previously described, the thin layer hydration method was employed to form cefazolin-containing niosomes. 23 First, span 60 (sorbitan monostearate), cholesterol, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3000 (Sigma, USA), and cefazolin (Sigma, USA) with a molar ratio of 7:3:1:1 were mixed with 2:1 of a chloroform-methanol solution. The control sample was prepared with the same formulation, excluding antibiotics.…”

“…Our previous study had also revealed that these NPs eradicated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms isolated from the patients' ulcers. 23 In terms of the physicochemical properties of the niosomes, the porosity of scaffolds is significant to provide enough spaces for cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Porous membranes could also facilitate the oxygenation and nutrition of the injured tissue through the three-dimensional matrix.…”

Hydrazone analogues with promising antibacterial profiles: Synthesis, morphology, in vitro and in silico approaches

“…2014) and S. aureus isolates from both diabetic foot and pressure ulcers (Pasteur Institute of Iran) (Zafari et al . 2020). Three different concentrations of the synthetic compounds (stock concentration of 1000 µg ml −1 ; test concentrations of 40, 20 and 10 µg ml −1 in acetone) were poured on each disc (6·4 mm diameter, Padtan Teb co.).…”