Effects of Catecholamines on Metabolism

Himms‐Hagen, Jean

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-65249-3_11

Cited by 82 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 430 publications

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“…The response of the sheep (a ruminant) to infusions of catecholamines is similar to that of many other species (including non-ruminants) studied previously (McClymont & Setchell, 1956;Himms-Hagen, 1972) and includes varying degrees of hyperglycaemia and cardiovascular changes. In the present study adrenaline was more potent in inducing hyperglycaemia than noradrenaline but less potent in its cardiovascular effects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Release of glucose from the liver of fetal and postnatal sheep by portal vein infusion of catecholamines or glucagon.

Apatu

Barnes

1991

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The blood flow to the liver in fetuses near term, newborn and adult sheep was measured by the Fick principle, using radionuclide-labelled plastic microspheres, before and during infusion of adrenaline, noradrenaline or glucagon.2. Glucose output and lactate consumption by the liver in sheep of each age group were calculated by application of the Fick principle using the concentration gradients of these metabolites measured in blood samples obtained, simultaneously with blood flow measurements, from catheters chronically implanted in the inflow and outflow vessels of the liver.3. Catecholamines were infused into the portal vein of fetuses near term at a rate comparable with that at which they are known to be secreted in the sheep fetus during moderate to severe hypoxia. The cardiovascular and metabolic responses to these infusions were found to be comparable with those that occur in the fetus during hypoxia.4. Catecholamines increased glucose output from the liver in all except the immediate post-partum animals. Catecholamines were less effective than glucagon in promoting glucose release. The mean increments in glucose output during adrenaline infusion were 0055+0-015 mmol min-(100 g liver)-1 in the fetus, 0-122+ 0024 mmol min-(100 g)-1 in the 2-week-old lambs, 0078+0019 mmol min-' (100 g)-' in young lambs and 0-049+0-012 mmol min-' (100 g)-' in the adult sheep.During glucagon infusion the mean glucose output increments were 0-146 + 0023 mmol min-1 (100 g)-in the fetus, 0-274+0-085 mmol min-(100 g)-1 in the 2-week-old and young lambs and 0 180+0-054 mmol min-' (100 g)-1 in the adult. Adrenaline was more potent than noradrenaline, suggesting that the major glycogenolytic response might be f-receptor mediated.5. In the immediate newborn period the output of glucose from the liver was high (0-20 + 0-05 mmol min-' (100 g liver)-' and was not statistically significantly increased by infusion either of glucagon or of catecholamines which resulted in similar increments of glucose output of about 04128 +0-133 mmol min-' (100 g)-1. It is probable that the high output of glucose reflected the high endogenous circulating levels of catecholamines and glucagon in these animals at birth and that further infusions failed to add significantly to the already near-maximal glucose release. R. S. K. APATU AND R. J. BARNES absence of high levels of circulating catecholamines and glucagon in the resting fetus but also may indicate a deficiency in either the receptor mechanism for catecholamines or of the intracellular second messenger system for glycogenolysis. The greater effectiveness of glucagon (than adrenaline) as a mediator of glucose release in these animals tends to support the idea of a fl-receptor rather than a second messenger deficiency. It is postulated that a deficiency of hepatic ,-adrenergic receptors, provided that it can be corrected in time for birth, would help to protect glycogen stores in the liver in utero.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Release of glucose from the liver of fetal and postnatal sheep by portal vein infusion of catecholamines or glucagon.

Apatu

Barnes

1991

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that stimulates lipolysis and NEFA release in adipose tissue of ruminants and other species (Himms-Hagen, 1972), and this effect is simulated by epinephrine administration. The effect of epinephrine treatment on adipose tissue mobilization may be determined from the plasma NEFA response profile.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of North American and New Zealand strains of Holstein–Friesian dairy cattle to homeostatic challenges during early and mid-lactation

Patton

Murphy

O’Mara

et al. 2009

Animal

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This study investigated the physiological basis of differences in nutrient partitioning between the North American (NA) and New Zealand (NZ) strains of Holstein-Friesian cattle by determining the responses to homeostatic challenges at two stages of lactation. Glucose tolerance tests, epinephrine challenges and insulin challenges were carried out on consecutive days commencing on day 32 6 0.48 (mean 6 s.e.) of lactation (T1) and again commencing on day 137 6 2.44 of lactation (T2). The insulin and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) responses to glucose infusion did not differ between the strains. The NZ strain had a greater clearance rate (CR) of glucose (2.04% v. 1.66%/min) and tended to have a shorter (34.4 v. 41.1 min) glucose half-life (t 1 2 ) at T2 when infused with glucose. The NA cows had a greater glucose response to epinephrine infusion across T1 and T2, and tended to have a greater insulin response to epinephrine infusion. Plasma NEFA concentration declined to similar nadir concentrations for both strains at T1 in response to insulin, though from a higher basal concentration in NA cows, resulting in a greater (22.29 v. 21.38) NEFA area under the response curve for NA cows. Glucose response to insulin varied with time, tending to be greater for NA at T1, but tending to be lower for NA at T2. The results indicated that NA cows had a greater glycogenolytic response to epinephrine, but both strains had similar lipolytic responses. The results also imply that higher basal circulating NEFA concentrations in the NA strain in early lactation were not due to diminished adipose tissue responsiveness to insulin. There were indications that glucose CR was greater in NZ cows in mid-lactation, and may form the basis of increased body tissue accretion during mid-to late-lactation in this strain.

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“…In the situations described here the association between increased sympathetic activity in IBAT and IBAT hypertrophy suggests involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the increase in BAT mass. Evidence that catecholamines cause hypertrophy of various tissues when administered to experimental animals (31) and that the pattern of organ enlargement during chronic cold exposure roughly parallels the extent of sympathetic innervation (25), strengthens the connection between sympathetic nerve activity and tissue hypertrophy, particularly during cold exposure. Furthermore, the cardiac hypertrophy demonstrated here in cafeteriafed rats is consistent with this hypothesis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of Diet and Cold Exposure on Norepinephrine Turnover in Brown Adipose Tissue of the Rat

Young¹,

Saville²,

Rothwell³

et al. 1982

J. Clin. Invest.

336

153

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A B S T R A C T Brown adipose tissue (BAT)is an important site of adaptive changes in thermogenesis in the rat. The sympathetic nervous system, which richly supplies BAT, is thought to play an important role in the regulation of BAT thermogenesis because catecholamines stimulate and beta adrenergic blocking agents inhibit oxygen consumption in this tissue. The present studies were carried out to assess directly sympathetic activity in BAT in response to cold exposure and to changes in dietary intake, both of which alter heat production in the rat. Sympathetic activity was determined from the rate of norepinephrine (NE) turnover in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) after preliminary experiments validated the use of NE turnover techniques in IBAT. Acute exposure to 4°C increased NE turnover in IBAT 4-to 12-fold compared with ambient temperature controls, depending upon the interval over which the turnover measurement was made, while in the heart NE turnover doubled in response to the same cold stimulus. In animals exposed to cold continuously for 10 d before study, NE turnover measurements in IBAT and in the heart were elevated comparably to those obtained during acute exposure. Alterations in feeding were also associated with changes in NE turnover in IBAT. Fasting for 2 d decreased NE turnover in IBAT (-35% from 29.2±4.2 ng NE/h to 18.9±5.9) and in heart (-52%). In animals fed a "cafeteria" diet, a model of voluntary overfeeding in the rat, NE turnover was increased in both IBAT (+108% from 24.8±4.5 ng NE/h to 51.7±6.8) and heart (+66%). Because ganglionic blockade exerted a greater effect on NE turnover in IBAT in cafeteriafed rats than in controls, the increase in NE turnover in IBAT with this overfeeding regimen reflects enhanced central sympathetic outflow. Thus NE turnover techniques can be satisfactorily applied to the

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Effects of Catecholamines on Metabolism

Cited by 82 publications

References 430 publications

Release of glucose from the liver of fetal and postnatal sheep by portal vein infusion of catecholamines or glucagon.

Release of glucose from the liver of fetal and postnatal sheep by portal vein infusion of catecholamines or glucagon.

Responses of North American and New Zealand strains of Holstein–Friesian dairy cattle to homeostatic challenges during early and mid-lactation

Effect of Diet and Cold Exposure on Norepinephrine Turnover in Brown Adipose Tissue of the Rat

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