Effects of catalysts and post-curing conditions in the polymer network of epoxy and phenolic resins: Preliminary results

Muñoz, Javier; Ku, Harry S.; Cardona, Francisco; Rogers, David G.

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.10.025

Cited by 30 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…According to Table , 50 wt% modification of ER with ESO increases the per cent elongation by 79.67% while decreases the e‐modulus and hardness. Munoz et al used ELO to modify phenolic‐ and ERs and reported that the strain at the break increased with the modification; however, the flexural modulus decreased with the increasing percentages of ELO in the system . The results of the present study show that elongation of the composites reduces with the increase in the LW content, which is also an indication of the loss in the ductility of the composite.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 43%

Evaluation of sugar mill lime waste in biobased epoxy composites

et al. 2016

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In this study, precipitated calcium carbonate-lime waste (LW) from sugar beet production was recycled as a raw material for the preparation of composite materials. Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was used as a co-matrix in 50 wt% with bisphenol A-type epoxy resin (ER). The composites were prepared with LW in varied per cent values (10 2 50 wt%) using the casting technique. The morphology of the composites was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Effects of ESO and LW amounts on the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were investigated. Modification with ESO remarkably enhanced the plasticity of the material, but decreased the curing degree about 2%. The modified ER shows about 13% increase in elongation at break over the pure epoxy matrix. Density and hardness of neat epoxy matrices were observed to increase with the LW content in the composite. Tensile strengths of all composites are higher than that obtained with neat epoxy. The thermogravimetric analyses show that ESO and LW significantly improve the thermal stability of neat ER at the temperatures above 3008C. The best thermal results were obtained with the composites containing 40-and 50 wt% LW. The residual weights of the composites are higher than that of neat ER and ER-ESO, and increases with the increasing LW amount. The T 5,

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 43%

Evaluation of sugar mill lime waste in biobased epoxy composites

et al. 2016

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“…It was noticed that E ′ decreased with the increase in heating treatment temperature first and then increased because of additional crosslinking. In addition, E ′ increased with the increase in aging temperature because of the postcuring of the phenolic resin during thermooxidative aging 23…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure evolution of ammonia‐catalyzed phenolic resin during thermooxidative aging

Guo

Zhan

Wang

2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The thermooxidative aging of ammoniacatalyzed phenolic resin for 30 days at 60-170 C was investigated in this article. The aging mechanism and thermal properties of the phenolic resin during thermooxidative aging were described by thermogravimetry (TG)-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-FTIR spectroscopy, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The results show that the CAN bond decomposed into ammonia and the dehydration condensation between the residual hydroxyl groups occurred during the thermooxidative aging. Because of the presence of oxygen, the methylene bridges were oxidized into carbonyl groups. After aging for 30 days, the mass loss ratio reached 4.50%. The results of weight change at high temperatures coincided with the results of TG-FTIR spectroscopy and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The glass-transition temperature (T g ) increased from 240 to 312 C after thermooxidative aging for 30 days, which revealed the postcuring of phenolic resins. In addition, an empirical equation between the weight change ratio and T g was obtained.

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“…The curing reaction in UP is a radical polymerization reaction [5]. Resole phenolic resins typically show an exothermic peak at much higher temperature than UP [9,11,12]. The curing of phenolics occurs by polycondensation, producing water and formaldehyde, which evaporate endothermally.…”

Section: Curing and Compatibility Study By Dscmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Performance Evaluation of Different Resins for Potential Application in Fire Resistant Structural Marine Composites

Kandola¹,

Krishnan²

2014

Fire Saf. Sci.

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This work explores the possibility of reducing the flammability of unsaturated polyester (UP) resin, commonly used in marine composites, by co-blending with less combustible and char-forming resins such as phenol-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde and furans. The compatibility and curing properties of UP, other resins and their blends in 50:50 wt-% ratios have been have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) techniques. Based on the successful establishment of curing conditions, plaques of resins have been cast and cured. Thermal stability has been studied by thermogravimetry (TGA), whereas the fire performance evaluation was carried out by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimtery at 50kW/m 2 heat flux. According to a fire risk assessment based on cone calorimetric data, the resole phenolic resins and their blends with UP achieved the highest fire safety rating.

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Effects of catalysts and post-curing conditions in the polymer network of epoxy and phenolic resins: Preliminary results

Cited by 30 publications

References 5 publications

Evaluation of sugar mill lime waste in biobased epoxy composites

Evaluation of sugar mill lime waste in biobased epoxy composites

Microstructure evolution of ammonia‐catalyzed phenolic resin during thermooxidative aging

Fire Performance Evaluation of Different Resins for Potential Application in Fire Resistant Structural Marine Composites

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