Effects of castration on the bone structure of male rats: A model of osteoporosis

Wink, Carole S.; Felts, William J. L.

doi:10.1007/bf02408524

Cited by 143 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As age-, gender-, and muscle-specific differences could be found in the response to PTH treatment, the effect of PTH on metabolic and structural properties of the two limb muscles gastrocnemius and soleus and the back muscle longissimus was analyzed. Rats display deleterious changes in bone 4 weeks after orchiectomy (Turner et al 1989) and represent a valuable experimental model for osteoporotic studies (Wink & Felts 1980). The clear decrease in serum testosterone verified the success of orchiectomy in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Influence of intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone on muscle tissue and bone healing in orchiectomized rats or controls

Komrakova¹,

Krischek²,

Wicke³

et al. 2011

Journal of Endocrinology

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Influence of human parathyroid hormone (hPTH 1-34) on muscle and bone healing was studied in either orchiectomized (Orx at 8 months of age) or sham-operated male rats. Eleven-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats underwent bilateral transverse metaphyseal osteotomy of tibia and were divided into four groups (nZ12): 1) sham-vehicle, 2) sham group-PTH everyday, 3) Orx-vehicle, 4) Orx-PTH everyday, and 5) Orx-PTH every other day. PTH dosage was 40 mg/kg body weight. After 5 weeks, fiber cross-sectional area, capillary density, and enzyme activity (lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and complex I) were measured in soleus (MS), gastrocnemius (MG), and longissimus (ML) muscles; tibiae were analyzed by computed tomographical, histological, and gene expression analyses. The effect of PTH in all rats was increased serum osteocalcin, cortical and callus densities and callus area. In sham rats capillary density was increased in limb muscles (MS: 1 . 3-1 . 7, MG: 1 . 2-1 . 4 capillaries/fiber), and rate of osseous bridging of osteotomy was enhanced (67-100%). In Orx rats serum creatine kinase was decreased (6670-2847 U/l), and bone genes (Igf-1, osteoprotegerin, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand) were up-regulated. Cross-sectional area, enzyme activity, food intake, weight of body, visceral organs, adipose tissue, MG, and MS were not affected by PTH. PTH had a favorable effect on muscle capillary density and improved bone healing being more effective in sham rats and having no adverse systemic effect. The effect was less if PTH was applied every other day. The findings may show up trends for therapeutic treatment of male patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Influence of intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone on muscle tissue and bone healing in orchiectomized rats or controls

Komrakova¹,

Krischek²,

Wicke³

et al. 2011

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Much evidence has shown that BMD decreases with increasing age in men, and is accompanied by decreasing sex hormones, but more moderately than in post-menopausal women [5,10,17,18,23,24]. According to previous studies, the high BMD or calcium content of the first and fourth lumbar vertebrae, femur, and tibia coincided with a high testosterone level at the age of 12 months in male Wistar rats [11,14,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Age-Related Changes in Bone Mineral Density, Cross-Sectional Area and Strength at Different Skeletal Sites in Male Rats.

Iida¹,

Fukuda²

2002

J. Vet. Med. Sci.

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ABSTRACT. Age-related changes in bone mineral density (BMD), cross-sectional area and strength strain index (SSI) of the long bones in the limbs and first lumbar vertebra of male Wistar rats were measured by a peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) method. One hundred and ten rats aged 2-30 months were used. The results indicate that the total (cortical + trabecular), cortical and trabecular BMD values of the metaphysis and cortical BMD values of the diaphysis in the long bones varied for each bone and differed from those of the first lumbar vertebra. The total BMD of long bones showed high values at 6-21 months and then decreased, but these did not always coincide with cortical and trabecular BMD. The values of SSI in the long bones varied. The values of total and cortical BMD and SSI of lumbar vertebra increased for 6-12 months and then decreased, but the trabecular BMD increased after 12 months. The total area in both the long bones and the first lumbar vertebra increased with the decrease in cortical area and the increase in the trabecular area with increasing age. It was concluded that age-related changes in bones, similar to those observed in humans, could be observed in some bones and parameters, although the age in rats when the so-called peak bone mass appears in the whole skeleton could not be clearly determined. KEY WORDS: age change, bone mineral density, male rat, peak bone mass, peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) J. Vet. Med. Sci. 64(1): 29-34, 2002 Rats are widely used for studies on bone metabolism and diseases such as osteoporosis, although their worth as an animal model has been contested [6,12,16,21] because their bone morphological patterns differ from those of humans. Rats show a modeling pattern from youth to old age, while humans show a modeling pattern in the growth stage which changes to a remodeling pattern after maturity [7]. The length and weight of long bones in rats continue to increase up to the old age due to the fact that both or either of the epiphysial growth plates do not close for a long time [8]. The cortical and trabecular bone components of the femur neck in rats have been found to be higher and lower, respectively, than those in humans [3].The age of peak bone mass, hereafter referred to as bone mineral density, in a human is considered a significant indicator for knowing the state of activity of bone metabolism and age of onset of osteoporosis, because thereafter the bone mass reduces with increasing age. To clarify whether rats show peak bone mass or not is an important matter for considering their worth as a model animal in bone researches and for determining corresponding ages between rats and humans in experimental procedures and assessing experimental results. That is, we are interested to know if rats have age-related changes in bone metabolism throughout their life similar to those in humans. We demonstrated that high values of mineral and organic contents at various skeletal sites are present in rats [11] and a peak of bone volume i...

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“…This method has already been used in rat (Wink & Felts 1980, Ortoft & Oxlund 1988 and fish (Casadevall et al 1990, for studying bone demineralization. In the Japanese eel, Yamada et al (2002) demonstrated by this method that the mineral content (phosphorus and calcium) in bone tissue decreased during experimental sexual maturation.…”

Section: Cortisol-induced Eel Vertebral Demineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol mobilizes mineral stores from vertebral skeleton in the European eel: an ancestral origin for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis?

Sbaihi

Rousseau

Baloche

et al. 2009

Journal of Endocrinology

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Endogenous excess cortisol and glucocorticoid (GC) therapy are a major cause of secondary osteoporosis in humans. Intense bone resorption can also be observed in other vertebrates such as migratory teleost fish at the time of reproductive migration and during fasting when large amounts of calcium and phosphate are required. Using a primitive teleost, the European eel, as a model, we investigated whether cortisol could play an ancestral role in the induction of vertebral skeleton demineralization. Different histological and histomorphometric methods were performed on vertebral samples of control and cortisoltreated eels. We demonstrated that cortisol induced a significant bone demineralization of eel vertebrae, as shown by significant decreases of the mineral ratio measured by incineration, and the degree of mineralization measured by quantitative microradiography of vertebral sections. Histology and image analysis of ultrathin microradiographs showed the induction by cortisol of different mechanisms of bone resorption, including periosteocytic osteolysis and osteoclastic resorption. Specificity of cortisol action was investigated by comparison with the effects of sex steroids. Whereas, testosterone had no effect, estradiol induced vertebral skeleton demineralization, an effect related to the stimulated synthesis of vitellogenin (Vg), an oviparous specific phospho-calciolipoprotein. By contrast, the cortisol demineralization effect was not related to any stimulation of Vg. This study demonstrates GC-induced bone demineralization in an adult non-mammalian vertebrate, which undergoes natural bone resorption during its life cycle. Our data suggest that the stimulatory action of cortisol on bone loss may represent an ancestral and conserved endocrine regulation in vertebrates.

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Effects of castration on the bone structure of male rats: A model of osteoporosis

Cited by 143 publications

References 19 publications

Influence of intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone on muscle tissue and bone healing in orchiectomized rats or controls

Influence of intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone on muscle tissue and bone healing in orchiectomized rats or controls

Age-Related Changes in Bone Mineral Density, Cross-Sectional Area and Strength at Different Skeletal Sites in Male Rats.

Cortisol mobilizes mineral stores from vertebral skeleton in the European eel: an ancestral origin for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis?

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