Effects of Castration and Late Hormonal Replacement in the Structure of Rat Corpora Cavernosa

Miranda, Alexandre Franco; Gallo, C.; Souza, Diogo Benchimol de; Costa, Waldemar S.; Sampaio, Francisco J.B.

doi:10.2164/jandrol.112.017012

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…In the present study, the reduction in sinusoidal space density found in hypertensive animals may be a consequence of decreased intracavernosal pressure, as previously reported in SHR [17]. In this case, the sinusoids may be unable to compress the deep circumflex veins against the tunica albuginea, resulting in venous leak and low intracavernosal pressure [33].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Penile Histomorphometrical Evaluation in Hypertensive Rats Treated with Sildenafil or Enalapril Alone or in Combination: A Comparison with Normotensive and Untreated Hypertensive Rats

Félix-Patrício

Medeiros

Souza

et al. 2015

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

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Introduction Erectile dysfunction (ED) is frequently associated to hypertension and antihypertensive drugs; however, the penile morphological aspects on these situations are poorly known. Aim Evaluate the penile morphology of untreated hypertensive rats and rats treated with enalapril or sildenafil alone or in combination to verify the hypothesis that morphological alterations promoted by hypertension on corpus cavernosum could be ameliorated by the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and/or phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. Methods Fifty male rats were assigned into five groups: normotensive rats, untreated spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), and SHR treated with enalapril or sildenafil alone or in combination. Blood pressure was measured weekly. At the conclusion of the study, the rats were euthanized, and their penises were collected for histomorphometrical analysis. Main Outcome Measures The cross-sectional areas of the penis, tunica albuginea, and corpus cavernosum were measured. The density of the corpus cavernosum structures was quantified. Results Both groups of SHR rats treated with enalapril became normotensive. Untreated SHR showed no difference in penile and cavernosal cross-sectional area compared with normotensive rats; however, those rats treated with enalapril or sildenafil alone demonstrated an increase in these parameters. Rats receiving combination therapy showed no cross-sectional area differences compared with normotensive rats. Cavernosal connective tissue density was increased, while the sinusoidal spaces were diminished in untreated SHR. All treatments were effective in maintaining connective tissue density in comparison with normotensive animals. Cavernosal smooth muscle density was similar in all groups, with the exception of the combination therapy group, which demonstrated a reduction in smooth muscle. Conclusions Hypertension promoted structural alterations in the corpus cavernosum that may be related to ED. Enalapril- and sildenafil-treated animals had preservation of normal corpus cavernosum structure and an increase in penile and cavernosal cross-sectional area. The combination of these drugs showed less benefit than individual use.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Penile Histomorphometrical Evaluation in Hypertensive Rats Treated with Sildenafil or Enalapril Alone or in Combination: A Comparison with Normotensive and Untreated Hypertensive Rats

Félix-Patrício

Medeiros

Souza

et al. 2015

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

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“…Several investigators have proposed that change in penile architecture is the main mediator of the effects of androgen deprivation which produces penile tissue atrophy concomitant with alterations in dorsal nerve structure, endothelial morphology, reduction in trabecular smooth muscle content, increased deposition of extracellular matrix and accumulation of fat-containing cells (adipocytes) in the sub-tunical region of the corpus cavernosum [30–36]. The androgen-dependent loss of erectile response is restored by androgen administration where there is some evidence that the mechanism may involve differentiation of progenitor cells into smooth muscle cells and inhibition of their differentiation into adipocytes [28, 29, 35,37–38]. …”

Section: Role Of Testosterone In Cellular Physiology: John Mulhall Kmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that castration results in erectile dysfunction [31, 35] and reversibly alters corpora cavernosal architecture. Trabecular smooth muscle content decreases [29, 36] while connective tissue abundance increases [31, 36].…”

Section: Testosterone Effects On Penile Development and Adult Penile mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Translational Perspective on the Role of Testosterone in Sexual Function and Dysfunction

Podlasek

Mulhall

Davies

et al. 2016

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

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Introduction The biological importance of testosterone is generally accepted by the medical community, however controversy focuses on its relevance to sexual function and the sexual response, and our understanding of the extent of its role in this area is evolving. Aim This article aims to provide scientific evidence examining the role of testosterone at the cellular and molecular levels as it pertains to normal erectile physiology and the development of erectile dysfunction, and to assist in guiding successful therapeutic interventions for androgen-dependent sexual dysfunction. Methods In this White Paper, the Basic Science Committee of the Sexual Medicine Society of North America assessed the current basic science literature examining the role of testosterone in sexual function and dysfunction. Results Testosterone plays an important role in sexual function via multiple processes: physiological (stimulates activity of NOS), developmental (establish and maintain the structural and functional integrity of the penis), neural (development, maintenance, function and plasticity of the cavernous nerve and pelvic ganglia), therapeutically for dysfunctional regulation (beneficial effect on aging, diabetes and prostatectomy), and PDE5i (testosterone supplement to counteract PDE5i resistance). Conclusions Despite controversies surrounding testosterone with regard to sexual function, basic science studies provide incontrovertible evidence for a significant role of testosterone in sexual function and suggest that properly administered testosterone therapy is potentially advantageous for treating male sexual dysfunction.

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“…The knowledge of such structures is necessary for understanding the normal physiology of the adult penis, commonly altered in different clinical or experimental situations [9]–[11]. Therefore, it is important to know the changes of these penile structures during fetal development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifications of Erectile Tissue Components in the Penis during the Fetal Period

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThe penile erectile tissue has a complex microscopic anatomy with important functions in the mechanism of penile erection. The knowledge of such structures is necessary for understanding the normal physiology of the adult penis. Therefore, it is important to know the changes of these penile structures during fetal development. This study aims to analyze the development of the main components of the erectile tissue, such as collagen, smooth muscle fibers and elastic system fibers, in human fetuses.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe studied the penises of 56 human fetuses aged 13 to 36 weeks post-conception (WPC). We used histochemical and immunohistochemical staining, as well as morphometric techniques to analyze the collagen, smooth muscle fibers and elastic system fibers in the corpus cavernosum and in the corpus spongiosum. These elements were identified and quantified as percentage by using the Image J software (NIH, Bethesda, USA). From 13 to 36 WPC, in the corpus cavernosum, the amount of collagen, smooth muscle fibers and elastic system fibers varied from 19.88% to 36.60%, from 4.39% to 29.76% and from 1.91% to 8.92%, respectively. In the corpus spongiosum, the amount of collagen, smooth muscle fibers and elastic system fibers varied from 34.65% to 45.89%, from 0.60% to 11.90% and from 3.22% to 11.93%, respectively.ConclusionsWe found strong correlation between the elements analyzed with fetal age, both in corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum. The growth rate of these elements was more intense during the second trimester (13 to 24 WPC) of gestation, both in corpus cavernosum and in corpus spongiosum. There is greater proportional amount of collagen in the corpus spongiosum than in corpus cavernosum during all fetal period. In the corpus spongiosum, there is about four times more collagen than smooth muscle fibers and elastic system fibers, during all fetal period studied.

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Effects of Castration and Late Hormonal Replacement in the Structure of Rat Corpora Cavernosa

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Penile Histomorphometrical Evaluation in Hypertensive Rats Treated with Sildenafil or Enalapril Alone or in Combination: A Comparison with Normotensive and Untreated Hypertensive Rats

Penile Histomorphometrical Evaluation in Hypertensive Rats Treated with Sildenafil or Enalapril Alone or in Combination: A Comparison with Normotensive and Untreated Hypertensive Rats

Translational Perspective on the Role of Testosterone in Sexual Function and Dysfunction

Modifications of Erectile Tissue Components in the Penis during the Fetal Period

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