Effects of carvedilol on common carotid arterial flow, peripheral hemodynamics, and hemorheologic variables in hypertension

Nagakawa, Yuzo; Akedo, Yoko; Kaku, Shiho; Orimo, Hajime

doi:10.1007/bf01409478

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…The results of our investigations reveal that the concentrations or doses needed to induce o~-blockade are higher than those for [~-blockade. Nevertheless, f3-blockade, vasodilatation and acute blood pressure response have been demonstrated to be in the same dose range in animal experiments as well as in healthy human volunteers [3] and in patients [10][11][12]. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated in pharmacokinetic investigations in man that after oral administration the peak levels and the area under the curve of the plasma concentrations of the R-enantiomer are about 3 times those of the S-enantiomer [13].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pharmacological characteristics of the stereoisomers of carvedilol

Bartsch¹,

Sponer²,

Strein³

et al. 1990

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

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The racemic compound carvedilol possesses two complementary pharmacological effects, vasodilation and beta-blockade. The R- and S-enantiomers of carvedilol and the racemate were investigated with respect to the beta-blocking, vasodilating, and hypotensive actions. In agreement with results obtained with other beta-blockers, only the S-enantiomer of carvedilol exerts beta-blocking effects. In contrast, no substantial difference between the enantiomers could be seen with respect to alpha-blockade. The greater hypotensive activity of S-carvedilol may be attributed to beta-blockade, which inhibits counter-regulatory mechanisms provoked by vasodilation. From these results it is concluded that there is a rationale for using carvedilol as the racemate. Using the S-enantiomer would lead to relatively strong beta-blockade with only a weak vasodilating effect. The R-enantiomer alone would act only as a hypotensive agent without beta-blockade.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pharmacological characteristics of the stereoisomers of carvedilol

Bartsch¹,

Sponer²,

Strein³

et al. 1990

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

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“…Several different types of antihypertensive drugs have been shown to modify blood rheology and haemorheological factors in patients with hypertension. Diuretics may increase whole blood viscosity in hypertensive patients, 9 while many studies have reported that ACEIs, 7,10 ARBs, 10 α-blockers, 8 β-blockers 6,11 and CCBs 6,7 decrease whole blood and plasma viscosity. ACEIs, 10 ARBs, 10 α-blockers, 8 β-blockers 11 and CCBs 6 may increase erythrocyte deformability, while ACEIs, 7 β-blockers 11 and CCBs 7 can decrease erythrocyte aggregation in patients with hypertension.…”

Section: Effect Of Antihypertensive Therapy On Blood Rheologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Antihypertensive Therapy on Blood Rheology in Patients with Essential Hypertension

et al. 2005

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Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and antihypertensive drugs can decrease the occurrence of such events in hypertensive patients. This study compared the rheological properties of blood in 22 untreated hypertensive patients, 42 patients taking antihypertensive drugs and 74 normotensive subjects. Using a microchannel method, the whole blood passage time was measured and blood movement was observed with a microscope connected to an image display unit. The blood passage time in untreated hypertensive patients was significantly higher than in treated hypertensive patients or normotensive subjects, but was similar in the latter two groups. Microscopic observations showed that platelet aggregation and leucocyte adhesion were increased in untreated hypertensive patients, resulting in poor flow, while blood samples from treated hypertensive patients and normotensive subjects passed smoothly through the microchannels. These rheological differences could contribute to the decrease in cardiovascular disease seen when hypertensive patients are treated effectively.

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“…[22] Besides, carvedilol provides an improvement in erythroid elasticity, a decrease in platelet and erythrocyte aggregation, and a reduction in plasma viscosity. [23] …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Higher Dose of Losartan Treatment with Losartan Plus Carvedilol and Losartan Plus Ramipril in Patients with Glomerulonephritis and Proteinuria

et al. 2007

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Background. Proteinuria may cause a worsening of accompanying renal disease or even lead to glomerulosclerosis. There is no data about the effect of carvedilol on patients with proteinuric (>0.5 g/day) glomerulonephritis. This study aimed to compare the effects of carvedilol with ramipril and losartan in patients with proteinuric glomerulonephritis. Methods. Twenty-one glomerulonephritis patients were followed for 12 months. Patients were divided into three groups. All patients were treated with losartan 50 mg once daily for two weeks. After two weeks (baseline), patients were given additional medications: 50 mg losartan, 5 mg ramipril, and 25 mg carvedilol were given additionally to the patients in groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Results. Baseline mean proteinuria values of patients in groups 1, 2 and 3 were 1.6 ± 1.1 g/day, 2.1 ± 1.3 g/ day, and 1.4 ± 1.2 g/day, respectively. These values decreased to 0.5 ± 0.7 g/day, 0.6 ± 0.7 g/day, and 0.9 ± 0.9 g/day, respectively, at the end of the 12 th month. These results were statistically significant only in group 1 (p = 0.04). The rational variation of proteinuria between the first and 12 th month of losartan, ramipril, and carvedilol were −61%, −62%, and −27%, respectively. The decreases in blood pressures between baseline and the first, sixth, and twelfth-month measurements were significant in all groups. Conclusions. Thee results showed that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (AT1ras) provide marked decreases in proteinuria, making their use indisputable in patients with glomerulonephritis. Carvedilol was not found to be as effective as ACEIs and AT1ras in decreasing proteinuria and preserving renal function.

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Effects of carvedilol on common carotid arterial flow, peripheral hemodynamics, and hemorheologic variables in hypertension

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Pharmacological characteristics of the stereoisomers of carvedilol

Pharmacological characteristics of the stereoisomers of carvedilol

Effect of Antihypertensive Therapy on Blood Rheology in Patients with Essential Hypertension

Comparison of Higher Dose of Losartan Treatment with Losartan Plus Carvedilol and Losartan Plus Ramipril in Patients with Glomerulonephritis and Proteinuria

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