Effects of carrying a pregnancy and of method of delivery on urinary incontinence: a prospective cohort study

Eason, Erica; Labrecque, Michel; Marcoux, Sylvie; Mondor, Myrto

doi:10.1186/1471-2393-4-4

Cited by 93 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Restricted use of episiotomy increases the rate of perineal lacerations that are not associated with the occurrence of stress urinary incontinence 72 . Some researchers state that the phenomenon of stress urinary incontinence during pregnancy doubles the chance for the emergence of urinary incontinence after delivery 6 . Fetal weight, episiotomy, length of the second stage of labor and epidural analgesia were not predictive factors for stress urinary incontinence 6 .…”

Section: Impact Of Episiotomy On Urinary Incontinence After Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers state that the phenomenon of stress urinary incontinence during pregnancy doubles the chance for the emergence of urinary incontinence after delivery 6 . Fetal weight, episiotomy, length of the second stage of labor and epidural analgesia were not predictive factors for stress urinary incontinence 6 . In addition, the prospective study by Chang et al comparing a group of vaginal delivery without episiotomy and a group with vaginal delivery with episiotomy showed the incidence of urinary incontinence to be signifi cantly higher in the group with episiotomy 73 .…”

Section: Impact Of Episiotomy On Urinary Incontinence After Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lower maximal urethral closure pressure is the parameter most associated with de novo stress incontinence after fi rst vaginal childbirth followed by vesical neck mobility 15 . A series of risk factors seem to be involved in urinary incontinence postpartum and later in life, among which there is growing evidence for the impact of delivery mode 6,8,[16][17][18] . Pregnancy per se may have impact on the development of pelvic fl oor dysfunction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, reports claiming that episiotomy had no such benefi ts were published 3 and large studies stressed that routine implementation of episiotomy should be abandoned 4,5 . Pregnancy by itself and childbirth are the possible risk factors for the onset of urinary incontinence, anal incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse, compromising the quality of life for a large number of women of all ages 6 . Stress urinary incontinence is a signifi cant health problem which restricts daily activity of women, although many women consider it as a minor health problem and a natural consequence of childbirth 7,8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Delivery and Episiotomy on the Emergence of Urinary Incontinence in Women: Review of Literature

Živković

Župić

et al. 2016

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SUMMARY -Episiotomy is obstetric procedure during which the incision extends the vestibule of the vagina during the second stage of labor. Episiotomy was extensively spread with gradual increase of rates in the fi rst half of the 20 th century and was performed mediolaterally in all nulliparous women with the idea to protect fetal head from trauma and pelvic fl oor from injuries. However, reports claiming that episiotomy had no such benefi ts were published. It was shown that routine mediolateral episiotomy did not protect against the appearance of urinary incontinence after vaginal delivery, while the risk of anal incontinence could be increased. Th e role of episiotomy in development of pelvic fl oor dysfunction remains quite unclear. Due to the mentioned reason, restricted episiotomy approach should be accepted. Th e origin of stress incontinence during pregnancy is controversial and not definitely scientifi cally proven. Pregnancy per se and older age at fi rst delivery may have impact on the onset of pelvic fl oor dysfunction. Urinary incontinence in pregnancy increases the risk of later urinary incontinence, both postpartum and later in life. Vaginal delivery is just one of the potential risk factors for development of urinary incontinence. Mechanical pressure by fetus on the pelvic fl oor structures, limited denervation of the pelvic fl oor and soft tissue damage during delivery are some of explanations for the onset of stress urinary incontinence. On the other hand, cesarean delivery might not be protective against emergence of urinary incontinence. Further research in this fi eld is needed.

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Section: Impact Of Episiotomy On Urinary Incontinence After Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Of Episiotomy On Urinary Incontinence After Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Delivery and Episiotomy on the Emergence of Urinary Incontinence in Women: Review of Literature

Živković

Župić

et al. 2016

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“…1 Recent reports from developed countries indicate that the incidence of multiple births has increased during the 115 past 20 years thus increasing the urinary incontinence among multigravida by 65.1%. 13 One study stated that higher parity and vaginal delivery are associated risk factors of increased urinary incontinence. 14,15 More number of vaginal deliveries had a certain effect on urinary incontinence in a pregnant multigravida.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Incontinence in Pregnant Multigravida from Second Trimester up to the Delivery

Sharif

Gondal²,

Kamboh³

et al. 2017

Annals KEMU

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Structural and physical changes take place in pregnancy such as altered function of urinary tract. The mechanism lying behind low urinary tract function can be described in terms of effects of hormones, compressive dysfunction of uterus and structural changes in pelvic support function. The prevalence of urinary incontinence in developed countries is 27.6% and in developing countries 28.7%. Urinary incontinence is a functional pelvic floor disorder which affects the wellbeing of all age's women. Urinary incontinence frequency is increased by pregnancy but the cause of this incontinence is still unknown. The prevalence of incontinence differs greatly. Objective:To know the frequency of urinary in- continence among pregnant multigravida from second trimester up to delivery. Methods: The study design used was a cross-sectional survey. The place of study was Lady Aitchson Hospital Lahore Pakistan and Lady Willington Hospital Lahore Pakistan. It was completed within six months after the approval of synopsis from September 2015 to February 2016. The sample of this study was 706. Mean age of the multigravida belonging to the lower socioeconomic status was 25-28 years of age. Women's continence and pelvic health center urinary incontinence questionnaire was used in this study. Results: Multigravida included in this study showed 51.1% of urinary incontinence and 48.8% with no urinary incontinence. The level of the beginning of urinary incontinence was more in second trimester. Conclusion: Urinary incontinence is more prevalent in multiparous especially in second trimester of pregnancy.

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Outcomes of Routine Episiotomy

Hartmann¹,

Viswanathan²,

Palmieri³

et al. 2005

JAMA

384

212

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Context Episiotomy at the time of vaginal birth is common. Practice patterns vary widely, as do professional opinions about maternal risks and benefits associated with routine use. Objective To systematically review the best evidence available about maternal outcomes of routine vs restrictive use of episiotomy. Evidence Acquisition We searched MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane Collaboration resources and performed a hand search for English-language articles from 1950 to 2004. We included randomized controlled trials of routine episiotomy or type of episiotomy that assessed outcomes in the first 3 postpartum months, along with trials and prospective studies that assessed longer-term outcomes. Twenty-six of 986 screened articles provided relevant data. We entered data into abstraction forms and conducted a second review for accuracy. Each article was also scored for research quality. Evidence Synthesis Fair to good evidence from clinical trials suggests that immediate maternal outcomes of routine episiotomy, including severity of perineal laceration, pain, and pain medication use, are not better than those with restrictive use. Evidence is insufficient to provide guidance on choice of midline vs mediolateral episiotomy. Evidence regarding long-term sequelae is fair to poor. Incontinence and pelvic floor outcomes have not been followed up into the age range in which women are most likely to have sequelae. With this caveat, relevant studies are consistent in demonstrating no benefit from episiotomy for prevention of fecal and urinary incontinence or pelvic floor relaxation. Likewise, no evidence suggests that episiotomy reduces impaired sexual functionpain with intercourse was more common among women with episiotomy. Conclusions Evidence does not support maternal benefits traditionally ascribed to routine episiotomy. In fact, outcomes with episiotomy can be considered worse since some proportion of women who would have had lesser injury instead had a surgical incision.

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Effects of carrying a pregnancy and of method of delivery on urinary incontinence: a prospective cohort study

Abstract: Background: This study was carried out to identify risk factors associated with urinary incontinence in women three months after giving birth.

Cited by 93 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of Delivery and Episiotomy on the Emergence of Urinary Incontinence in Women: Review of Literature

Effect of Delivery and Episiotomy on the Emergence of Urinary Incontinence in Women: Review of Literature

Urinary Incontinence in Pregnant Multigravida from Second Trimester up to the Delivery

Outcomes of Routine Episiotomy

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