Effects of cardiopulmonary bypass perfusion temperature on perioperative renal function in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery

Abstract

Aims and objective The primary objective of this investigation was to study the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) perfusion temperature on renal function parameters [serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, urine albumin, urine protein, and urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR)]. The secondary objective was to detect renal complications of CPB. Materials and methods This is a prospective longitudinal study of 30 adult patients (17 men, 13 women; mean age, 53.37 ± 16.02 years) who underwent valvular heart surgery [with or without coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)]. Serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, urine protein, urine albumin, and urine ACR were collected during CPB (at 28 °C, 32 °C, and 37 °C) and postoperatively (at 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours). Data were analyzed using one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). A significant ANOVA was followed by a Bonferroni–Holm post hoc test. Results Although serum creatinine ( p < 0.001) and creatinine clearance ( p = 0.0016) underwent a significant ANOVA change ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.0016, respectively) after CPB, there was no statistically significant change compared with their baseline values. Urine ACR showed a significant change at 28 °C ( p < 0.01), 32 °C ( p < 0.01), and 37 °C ( p < 0.05) as compared with baseline values. No significant change in urine albumin was observed during CPB or up to 24 hours. A significant change occurred after 48 hours of CPB ( p < 0.05). A significant increase in urine protein was noted after CPB at 12 hours ( p < 0.01), 24 hours ( p < 0.01), and 48 hours ( p < 0.01). Overall, 12 (40%) patients had acute kidney injury (AKI). Ten (33.33%) patients had stage I AKI, one patient progressed to AKI stage II, and another to AKI stage III. Of the 10 patients who had stage I AKI, eight had complete recovery within 48 hours. Conclusions CPB with moderate hypothermia for valvular heart surgeries can be performed safely in patients with adequate renal functional reserve. The glomerular permeability across the Bowman’s capsule increases after CPB as evidenced by significant proteinuria at 12 hours and increased albuminuria at 48 hours after surgery. There is an increased risk of transient stage I AKI after CPB, from which patients recover within 48 hours.

Efficiency and Safety of Temperatures Management in Aortic Arch Surgery: A System Review and Meta-Analysis

“…[64,65]. Prior research suggests that optimal brain protection temperatures range from 32 to 34 degrees Celsius, while kidney protection is best achieved between 28 and 32 degrees Celsius [66][67][68][69]. In this study, we have grouped temperatures in two-degree intervals to illustrate the relationship between decreased temperature and increased tissue damage, mindful of the 32-degree boundary.…”

Predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio on acute kidney injury after on-pump coronary artery bypass: a retrospective, single-center study

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