Effects of Carbon Ion Beam Irradiation on Phenotypic Variations and Biochemical Parameters in Early Generations of Soybean Plants

Wang

et al. 2022

PeerJ

Self Cite

As people’s demand for healthy diet increases, improving soybean seed nutritional quality is becoming as important as yield. Carbon ion beam radiation (CIBR) is an effective method to create soybean mutants, and thus breeding cultivars with better seed nutritional quality. In this study, the high-yield soybean line ‘Dongsheng 28’ was used, and three CIBR doses (100, 120, and 140 Gy) were used to explore the characteristics of quality separation and variation in the offspring of early mutant populations. Eleven quality traits, including protein, oil, sucrose, soluble sugar, iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), cupper (Cu), daidzin, glycitin, and genistin concentrations were analyzed in the M2 and M3 generations. The results revealed that the range of protein and oil concentration of all three CIBR doses changed by 38.5–42.9% and 18.8–23.8% in the M2 and M3 generations, respectively, while soluble sugar and sucrose concentrations changed by 48.1–123.4 and 22.7–74.7 mg/g, with significant effects by 140 Gy across the two generations. Therefore, around the optimum range, a higher CIBR dose is better for high protein, oil, and sugar varieties selection. In general, irradiation raised isoflavone concentrations, but 140 Gy had an inhibitory effect on isoflavone concentrations in the M3 generation. Although a variety could not be released in the M2 or M3 generation, the results of this study have important guiding significance for the targeted cultivation of specific nutritional quality materials. For instance, a lower irradiation dose is preferable when breeding targets are higher isoflavones and Mn concentrations. It is essential to increase the irradiation dose if the breeding targets contain high levels of protein, oil, sucrose, soluble sugars, Fe, Zn, and Cu.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have identified that 120 Gy was the optimal irradiation dose for Dongsheng 28 due to its relatively appropriate mortality ( Wang et al, 2021a ). Therefore, around the optimal irradiation dose, increasing or decreasing the dose might have specific effects on the selection of soybean quality traits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irradiation with carbon ion beams affects soybean nutritional quality in early generations

Wang

et al. 2022

PeerJ

Self Cite

“…Determination of chlorophyll (Chl) content ( Wang et al, 2021 ) was conducted using 0.2 g fresh leaves which were cut into pieces and put into a 50 ml centrifuge tube. Then, 20 ml of 80% ethanol solution was added and then soaked in a dark place for 8 h. Absorbance was determined at 665 and 649 nm, respectively, by the UV-visible spectrophotometer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root K Affinity Drivers and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Response to Low Potassium Stress in K High-Efficiency Vegetable Soybean

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

Self Cite

Significant variations of potassium absorption and utilization exist in vegetable soybean. Pot and hydroponic experiments were carried out to examine the characteristics of root potassium (K) affinity-associated drivers and photosynthesis in vegetable soybean (edamame) [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] with different K efficiency. Two K high-efficiency vegetable soybean genotypes (Line 19 and Line 20) and two K low-efficiency genotypes (Line 7 and Line 36) were investigated in low K and normal K conditions. The root of K high-efficiency genotypes had a higher K+ affinity associated with a higher maximum K+ uptake rate (Imax), but lower Michaelis constant for K+ absorption (Km) and lower compensation concentration for K+ uptake (Cmin). Seedlings of K high-efficiency genotypes also had higher root vigor [triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction method] and greater absorbing activity (methylene blue method), especially in the low K condition. Furthermore, the root bleeding-sap rate of K high-efficiency genotypes in low K stress was 9.9–24.3% greater than that of normal K conditions, which was accompanied by a relatively higher K concentration of root bleeding-sap in contributing to K+ upward flux. The root of K high-efficiency vegetable soybean genotypes exhibited K+ high-affinity and driving advantages. Photosynthetic parameters of K high-efficiency vegetable soybean genotypes were less affected by low K stress. Low K stress decreased the net photosynthetic rate of K high-efficiency genotypes by 6.1–6.9%, while that of K low-efficiency genotypes decreased by 10.9–15.7%. The higher chlorophyll (Chl) a/b ratio with enhanced relative content of Chl a in response to low K stress might be an adapted mechanism for K high-efficiency genotypes to maintain photosynthetic capacity. Stronger root K affinity drivers associated with photosynthetic adaptability to low K stress are the key factors in determining the K high-efficiency of vegetable soybeans.

“…(2016) showed that 400 Gy as the median lethal dose (LD50) could be used for a large-scale mutant screening in Lotus japonicus, 27 morphological mutants were generated including leaf, stem, flower and fruit phenotypic variation ( Luo et al., 2016 ). Soybean seeds treated with carbon ion beam irradiation at a dose of 120 Gy (80 Mev/u) resulted in the most extensive variation and can be effectively used for soybean mutation breeding ( Wang et al., 2021 ). These results suggested that CIB irradiation was an effective method for creating mutants, and that different species varied in their sensitivities to ionic radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide analysis of mutations induced by carbon ion beam irradiation in cotton

Zhao²,

Geng³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

Carbon ion beam (CIB) irradiation is a powerful way to create mutations in animals, plants, and microbes. Research on the mutagenic effects and molecular mechanisms of radiation is an important and multidisciplinary issue. However, the effect of carbon ion radiation on cotton is uncertain. In this study, five different upland cotton varieties and five CIB doses were used to identify the suitable irradiation dose for cotton. Three mutagenized progeny cotton lines from the wild-type Ji172 were re-sequenced. The effect of half-lethal dose on mutation induction indicated that 200 Gy with LETmax of 226.9 KeV/μm was the most effective heavy-ion dose for upland cotton and a total of 2,959-4,049 single-base substitutions (SBSs) and 610-947 insertion-deletion polymorphisms (InDels) were identified among the three mutants by resequencing. The ratio of transition to transversion in the three mutants ranged from 2.16 to 2.24. Among transversion events, G:C>C:G was significantly less common than three other types of mutations (A:T>C:G, A:T>T:A, and G:C>T:A). The proportions of six types of mutations were very similar in each mutant. The distributions of identified SBSs and InDels were similar with unevenly distributed across the genome and chromosomes. Some chromosomes had significantly more SBSs than others, and there were “hotspot” mutation regions at the ends of chromosomes. Overall, our study revealed a profile of cotton mutations caused by CIB irradiation, and these data could provide valuable information for cotton mutation breeding.