Effects of Carbon Black and Titanium Dioxide on Ultraviolet Weathering of Wood Flour-HDPE/Lumber Composites Using Multi-phase Co-extrusion Technology

Abstract

A new type of wood-plastic/lumber composite (WPLC) was fabricated with laminated veneer lumber as a core, and the traditional wood-plastic composite (WPC) as a shell layer using multi-phase co-extrusion technology. This WPLC was used to manufacture a window frame, and the effects of inorganic pigments (carbon black (CB), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and their mixtures) on the decorative effect and ultraviolet (UV) weathering performance of the shell layer of the window frame were investigated. Weathering variables included UV irradiation duration and water spraying cycles for up to 6000 h. The surface color was analyzed by spectrophotometry during weathering. In addition, a scanning electron microscopy analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyzed the weathering properties of the WPLC shell layer. The results showed that (1) different decorative effects (white, grey, and black color) of the window frames were achieved by incorporating CB, TiO2, and their mixture; (2) the composites incorporated with CB and/or TiO2 exhibited less discoloration and fewer surface cracks; (3) the composites with CB and TiO2 showed a better photo-stability than those with a UV stabilizer (UV326). The overall color change (△E) of the composites incorporated with UV326, TiO2, and CB was 20.0, 11.7, and 10.8, respectively, after 3000 h of weathering; and (4) a combination of CB and TiO2 showed a synergistic effect on alleviating the photo-oxidation process of the WPC shell layers, which confirmed its UV-shielding effect.

High yield and simple one-step production of carbon black nanoparticles from waste tires

“…Carbon black (CB) consists essentially of finely divided, spherical particles of carbon produced by incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fuels, both liquid and gaseous, that are chemically bonded forming agglomerate chains via weak Van der Waals interactions [11]. CB may have applications in areas such as antibody delivery [12] catalyst [13], supercapacitors [14], capacitors [15] UV stabilizers [16], pigments [17], concrete additive [18], paper additive [19], plastic additives [20], coatings [21] and structural reinforcement [22]. CB has been produced from different sources such as lignite [11,23], hydrocarbons [24], carbonaceous industrial waste [22,25], rice husks [26], tyres [7,27] and biomass [28].…”

Characterization of Rice Husk Fiber-Reinforced Polyvinyl Chloride Composites under Accelerated Simulated Soil Conditions

“…Many studies have focused on the aging of composites under different conditions, such as xenon lamp aging [9,10], ultraviolet aging [11,12], bacterial aging [13,14], and seawater and acid rain aging [15,16]. Soil aging is a common aging type, and improving aging resistance is significant for the application of composites [17,18].…”

The effect of two different UV absorbers combined with antioxidants on UV resistance of HDPE

“…Photooxidative aging is initially initiated by UV light to produce a hydroperoxide in the molecular chain, producing a C═C bond. Therefore, the stretching vibration of C═C can be observed at 1654 cm −1 appears after aging 23,24 . The oxidation and crosslinking in HDPE photooxidation are a pair of competitive reactions 25 .…”