Effects of carbadox or formic acid and diet type on
ileal digestion of amino acids by pigs

Partanen, Kirsi; Valaja, Jarmo; Siljander-Rasi, Hilkka; Jalava, Taina; Panula, S.

doi:10.22358/jafs/69975/1998

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…1 pH unit ( Table 1), a finding consistent with previous studies (Partanen et al, 1998;Silander-Rasi, 1998). However, this reduction in dietary pH did not impact on gastric or intestinal pH.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

Dietary manipulation post weaning to improve piglet performance and gastro-intestinal health

et al. 2005

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Two experiments were conducted to investigate the use of dietary manipulation as a means of improving piglet postweaning performance and gastro-intestinal health. In experiment 1, 144 piglets (24 days old) in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement were offered diets containing 65, 170 and 280 g lactose per kg with or without lactic acid (16 g/kg) for 28 days. In experiment 2, 20 piglets (24 days old) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement were offered the following diets for 7 days and then sacrificed: T1) basal diet; T2) basal diet + 15 g inulin per kg; T3) basal diet + 16 g lactic acid per kg and T4) basal diet + 15 g inulin per kg + 16 g lactic acid per kg. After slaughtering, tissue samples were taken from the duodenum, jejunum and ileum for morphological measurements. Digesta samples were taken from the ileum, caecum and colon for microbiology and volatile fatty acid analysis. In experiment 1, pigs offered diets containing lactic acid had improved daily gain ( P < 0·01) and food efficiency ( P < 0·05) from days 0 to 7 compared with pigs offered diets containing no lactic acid. There was a linear increase ( P < 0·05) in average daily gain (ADG) from days 0 to 28 and a linear decrease in faecal pH ( P < 0·01) with increasing lactose levels. There was a quadratic effect of lactose on food conversion ratio from days 0 to 28 ( P < 0·05). In experiment 2, there was a significant interaction between inulin and lactic acid in villous height in the jejunum ( P < 0·001) and the concentrations of lactobacilli ( P < 0·1) and E. coli ( P < 0·05) in the colon. The inclusion of inulin and lactic acid resulted in a significant increase in villous height compared with the inulin only diet ( P < 0·001). However, lactic acid had no effect on villous height in pigs offered diets without inulin supplementation. The inclusion of lactic acid and inulin caused a significant increase in both lactobacilli and E. coli concentrations compared with the inulin only diets ( P < 0·05). However, neither inulin nor lactic acid had an effect on lactobacilli and E. coli numbers in isolation of the other. In conclusion, in experiment 1, lactic acid improved performance in the 1st week post weaning. There was a linear increase in ADG with increasing lactose levels. In experiment 2, the combination of lactic acid and inulin increased villous height in the jejunum and concentrations of lactobacilli and E. coli in the colon.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

Dietary manipulation post weaning to improve piglet performance and gastro-intestinal health

et al. 2005

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“…Paulicks et al (2000) found that ADG increased and feed conversion improved in response to K-diformate on lower-energy diets compared with diets approximately 5% greater in energy density. Improved apparent ileal digestibility of Lys, due to decreased endogenous Lys flow, was observed in growing pigs on by-product-based diets (219 g of NDF/kg of DM) but not on barley-based diets (188 g of NDF/kg of DM; Partanen et al, 1998). The differing fiber content of the diets could be a factor; however, the difference was small.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Nursery pigs fed diets containing different grains had improved feed conversion in response to Kdiformate on barley and wheat-based diets but not on corn-based diets (Paulicks et al, 2000). Many previous experiments used diets that were barley-, oat-, or wheat-based (Baustad, 1993;Siljander-Rasi et al, 1998;Partanen et al, 1998Partanen et al, , 2002andCanibe et al, 2001, 2005). Diets in the current experiment were corn-based.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of pigs to dietary inclusion of formic acid and ammonium formate1,2

Eisemann¹,

Heugten²

2007

Journal of Animal Science

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The objective of this study was to determine the optimal inclusion rate of dietary formic acid-ammonium formate (composition by weight was 62% formic acid and 37% ammonium formate) in nursery and grower-finisher diets or grower-finisher diets only. At weaning (d 21 +/- 2), 224 pigs (equal numbers of gilts and barrows) were blocked by BW within sex (28 pigs per BW block, 4 pigs per pen) and assigned randomly to 1 of 7 dietary treatments within each block. Dietary treatments (TRT), listed as percentage of dietary formic acid-ammonium formate in the nursery (NR) and the grower-finisher (GRF) diets, were as follows (NR and GRF): TRT 1: 0.0 and 0.0; TRT 2: 1.2 and 1.0; TRT 3: 0.0 and 1.0; TRT 4: 1.0 and 0.8; TRT 5: 0.0 and 0.8; TRT 6: 0.8 and 0.6; and TRT 7: 0.0 and 0.6. During the grower 2 (GR2) period, pigs fed treatments containing formic acid-ammonium formate in the nursery diets (TRT 2, TRT 4, and TRT 6) had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F than pigs fed diets containing formic acid-ammonium formate in the grower period only (TRT 3, TRT 5, and TRT 7). Average daily feed intake tended to decrease (NR1, P = 0.07) or decreased (NR2, P < 0.05) for pigs fed formic acid-ammonium formate in the nursery (TRT 2, TRT 4, and TRT 6) compared with pigs fed control diets (TRT 1, TRT 3, TRT 5, and TRT 7). The ADFI also decreased (P < 0.05) during the GR1 and GR2 periods for pigs fed diets containing formic acid-ammonium formate compared with pigs fed control (TRT 1). In the combined nursery data, there was no effect (P > 0.10) of treatment on ADG. Pigs on diets containing formic acid-ammonium formate ate less feed (P < 0.05) and had improved G:F (P < 0.05) compared with pigs on the control treatments (TRT 1, TRT 3, TRT 5, and TRT 7). Combining the grower-finisher phases, G:F was greater (P = 0.05) for pigs fed diets containing formic acid-ammonium formate than for pigs fed the control feed. The efficiency of gain (i.e., G:F) was improved by 3.5% for pigs fed all formic acid-ammonium formate treatments and ranged from 2.3 (TRT 7) to 5.9% (TRT 4) compared with pigs fed control (TRT 1). Combining all phases from nursery to finisher, the G:F ratio tended (P = 0.08) to be greater for pigs fed formic acid-ammonium formate compared with pigs fed control. The efficiency of gain was improved by 3.0% for pigs fed all formic acid-ammonium formate treatments, ranging from 1.8 (TRT 7) to 5.2% (TRT 4), compared with pigs fed the control diet (TRT 1).

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“…It confirmed the lowered estimation of TRP requirement of broilers published by NRC (1994). Partanen et al (1998) found in pigs an improvement of apparent ileal CP and several amino acids digestibility in the presence of organic acids, they attributed it to the reduced endogenous nitrogen and amino acid losses. In our study the presence of acidifier in diets did not affect significantly either ileal digestibility of amino acids, or apparent nitrogen retention and performance of chickens in comparison with groups fed diets without acidifier.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of acidifier added to diets containing graded levels of crystalline tryptophan on growth performance, protein digestibility, and on brain serotonin level in broiler chickens

Smulikowska¹,

Pastuszewska²,

Tomaszewska-Zaremba³

et al. 2004

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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The objective of the study was to investigate whether addition of acidifier (A) to a diet containing crystalline tryptophan (TRP) does not impair utilization of the amino acid both for growth and serotonin synthesis in broiler chicken. Eight groups, each of 12 eight-day-old, individually housed, female broilers, were fed on diet containing 1.57 g TRP/kg, or diets supplemented with 0.21, 0.42 and 0.63 g TRP, without or with 3 g acidifier (A -mixture of phosphoric, citric and fumaric acids) per kg. Feed intake and body weight (BW) was registered for 3 weeks, followed by balance experiment, at the end the birds were killed and digesta and brain tissue were sampled.TRP supplementation increased BW gain and improved feed utilization (P<0.05), and did not affect ileal, while slightly decreased faecal protein digestibility. The concentration of serotonin (5-HT) and the ratio of 5-hydroxy-indole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) to 5-HT in brain tissue increased (P<0.01) with the increase of TRP level in diet. Supplementation with A had no significant effect on performance, pH of digesta, ileal and faecal protein digestibility in comparison with unsupplemented diets. However, it lowered the concentration of 5-HT (2.75 vs 2.98 μg/g; P<0.05) and increased the ratio of 5-HIAA/5-HT (0.30 vs 0.25; P<0.01) in brain tissue, the negative effect was greatest in TRP deficient diet (TRP × A; P<0.001). It indicate for a need of careful adjusting TRP level in broiler diets supplemented with acidifiers.

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Effects of carbadox or formic acid and diet type on ileal digestion of amino acids by pigs

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Dietary manipulation post weaning to improve piglet performance and gastro-intestinal health

Dietary manipulation post weaning to improve piglet performance and gastro-intestinal health

Response of pigs to dietary inclusion of formic acid and ammonium formate1,2

Effects of acidifier added to diets containing graded levels of crystalline tryptophan on growth performance, protein digestibility, and on brain serotonin level in broiler chickens

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