Effects of Capsicum oleoresin Inclusion on Rumen Fermentation and Lactation Performance in Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during Summer: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Abstract

This research aimed to evaluate the effects of Capsicum oleoresin (CAP) supplementation on rumen fermentation in vivo and In vitro, and lactation performance in buffaloes. In the experiment in vitro, 2 × 5 factorial design was carried out according to two temperatures (normal temperature: 39 °C; hyperthermal temperature: 42 °C) and five CAP concentrations (0 mg/L; 2 mg/L; 20 mg/L; 200 mg/L; 2000 mg/L). In the experiment in vivo, four multiparous mid-lactating Mediterranean buffaloes (body weight: 640.08 ± 17.90 kg) were randomly allocated to four treatments according to 4 × 4 Latin square design for CAP supplementation in four dosages (0 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, or 40 mg/kg of dry matter). The experiment’s results In vitro showed that hyperthermal temperature affected all fermentation characteristics measured in this research. CAP decreased the pH, short-chain fatty acids concentration, and percentages of propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, and caproate, while increasing the percentage of acetate and the ratio of acetate to propionate at normal temperature (p ≤ 0.05). In the experiment in vivo, CAP decreased the percentage of propionate and quadratically affected acetate percentage in rumen fluid (p ≤ 0.05). CAP reduced rectal temperature and respiratory rates (p ≤ 0.05) and tended to increase dry matter intake quadratically (p ≤ 0.10). For lactation performance, CAP increased milk yield and milk lactose yield (p ≤ 0.05), and tended to increase milk protein yield (p ≤ 0.10). In conclusion, CAP modified rumen fermentation characteristics in vivo and In vitro and had beneficial effects on lactation performance in buffaloes during summer.

Environmental impact of phytobiotic additives on greenhouse gas emission reduction, rumen fermentation manipulation, and performance in ruminants: an updated review

“…(ii) Essential oils are volatile plant compounds extracted from plant material via steam distillation using either water or aqueous alcohol (O’Bryan et al 2015 ). (iii) Oleoresins are semi-solid extracts containing resin and essential or fatty oils extracted from spices using a hydrocarbon solvent (An et al 2023 ). Previous research has shown that phytobiotic additives have a positive effect on animal nutrition, as shown in Table 1 .…”

“…Furthermore, phytobiotic additives have been shown to improve lactation performance by increasing energy-corrected milk yield and milk composition of fat, protein, and total solids and improving feed utilization efficiency for milk production, such as citrus flavonoids extracts (Zhao et al 2023 ), Capsicum oleoresin (An et al 2023 ), high tannin-containing forage (Dey et al 2021 ; Gannuscio et al 2022 ), and essential oils (Kalaitsidis et al 2021 ; Silvestre et al 2022 ).…”

“…One of the main safety considerations for phytobiotic additives in ruminant diets is the risk of toxicity. Despite having positive health effects at low concentrations, the presence of bioactive components like tannin, saponin, alkaloids, cardiac glucosides, and cyanogenetic glucosides can have detrimental effects on animals when consumed in large quantities (An et al 2023 ; Costa et al 2021 ; Mickdam et al 2016 ; Seyedin et al 2023 ). Therefore, it is important to carefully select phytobiotic additives that have been shown to be safe and effective in ruminant diets.…”