Effects of Capsaicin Coadministered with Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Obesity-Related Dysregulation in High-Fat-Fed Mice

Abstract

Obesity-induced inflammation contributes to the development of metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated whether the combination of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and capsaicin could protect against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders. The experiments were performed using male C57BL/6J mice that were fed one of the following diets for 10 weeks: standard chow (5.3% fat content) (normal group), a HFD (32.0% fat content) (HFD group), or a HFD supplemented with either 4% (w/w) EPA (EPA group) or a combination of 4% (w/w) EPA and 0.01% (w/w) capsaicin (EPA Cap group). Our results indicated that the body, fat and liver tissue weights and levels of serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase were significantly higher in HFD group mice than in normal group mice (p<0.05 in all cases). However, the body and fat tissue weights and serum glucose levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were significantly lower in EPA Cap group mice group than in HFD and EPA group mice (p<0.05 in all cases). Thus, our study suggests that the combination of EPA and capsaicin might be beneficial for delaying the progression of obesity-related metabolic dysregulation and subsequent complications.

Capsaicin in Metabolic Syndrome

“…Capsaicin in high-fat diet-fed rats decreased serum ALT and AST, along with decreases in serum glucose and HOMA-IR [ 79 ]. In high-fat diet-fed mice, combinations of eicosapentaenoic acid and capsaicin reduced body weight, fat tissue weights, serum total cholesterol concentration, and serum activities of AST and ALT, while improving insulin sensitivity [ 117 ]. These responses were greater than the response of eicosapentaenoic acid alone in high-fat diet-fed mice [ 117 ].…”

“…In high-fat diet-fed mice, combinations of eicosapentaenoic acid and capsaicin reduced body weight, fat tissue weights, serum total cholesterol concentration, and serum activities of AST and ALT, while improving insulin sensitivity [ 117 ]. These responses were greater than the response of eicosapentaenoic acid alone in high-fat diet-fed mice [ 117 ]. Rats fed high-fat diets were treated with a combination of corn gluten hydrolysate and capsaicin [ 118 ].…”

Microfluidization trends in the development of nanodelivery systems and applications in chronic disease treatments

“…Owing to higher pungency, odor, and low solubility, its usage and its bioavailability of the bioactive compounds in the treatment of obesity are limited. [159][160][161][162] Recently, microfluidization techniques have been extensively used in the development of food grade nanodelivery systems or nanomedicines for the enhanced bioavailability of the capsaicin and its related compounds. 163 Recently, oleoresin capsicum-loaded nanoemulsion was developed using microfluidization techniques with the particle size of about 50 nm showing enhanced antiobesity effects in a high-fat-induced rat.…”

Fumigaclavine C attenuates adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and ameliorates lipid accumulation in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

“…When TG levels are excessive, TG overload will cause lipid accumulation and interfere with the normal function of adipocytes. Excess fat deposition is causally linked to metabolic syndrome abnormalities [67]. Some studies have suggested that adipogenesis and lipolysis were considered as the complex processes involving several transcription factors, such as lipogenesis genes (the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors [PPAR-α, PPAR-β, and PPAR-γ], CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins [C/EBP-α and C/EBP-β], and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins [SREBP-1a, SREPB-1c, and SREBP-2]) [89], lipid synthesis enzymes (the fatty acid-binding protein [aP2], lipoprotein lipase [LPL], and fatty acid synthase [FAS]) [101112], and lipolysis genes (the hormone-sensitive lipase [HSL], aquaporin-7 [AQP-7], and adipose triglyceride lipase [ATGL]) [131415].…”