Effects of canopy structure and cultural treatments on the survival and growth of Pinus palustris Mill. seedlings underplanted in Pinus taeda L. stands

Knapp, Benjamin O.; Wang, G. Geoff; Walker, Joan L.

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.04.014

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Seedling size positively affects the survival rate of longleaf pine seedlings following burning (Croker & Boyer, 1975;Brockway et al, 2006), thus, seedlings under the lower stand densities reached relatively larger size, had better root development, and were better able to tolerate fire. Average RCD growth rates of the seedlings in this study were consistent with several studies in the literature (Gagnon et al, 2003;Dyson, 2010;Hu et al, 2012;Knapp et al, 2013). Longleaf pine seedling growth usually decreases as overstory stocking increases (Pecot et al 2007).…”

Section: Seedling Survival and Growthsupporting

confidence: 79%

Effects of basal area on survival and growth of longleaf pine when practicing selection silviculture

2017

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Aim of study: Uneven-aged (UEA) management systems can achieve multiple-use objectives, however, use of UEA techniques to manage longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests are still open to question, because of the species' intolerance of competition. It was our aim to examine the influence of different levels (9.2, 13.8 and 18.4 m 2 ha -1 ) of residual basal area (RBA) on longleaf pine seedling survival and growth following three growing seasons.Area of study: This study was conducted at the Escambia Experimental Forest, located on the Southern Coastal Plain of Alabama, in the southeastern United States.Material and Methods: Selection silviculture was implemented with the Proportional-Basal Area (Pro-B) method. Prescribed burning was conducted before seed dispersal and in the second year after germination. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was measured under the canopy in the study plots. Survival and growth of longleaf pine seedlings were observed for three growing seasons.Main results: An inverse relationship was found between the number of germinants and RBA, but the mortality of germinants and planted seedlings was not affected by RBA. At age three, an inverse relationship was observed between root-collar diameter (RCD) growth of the germinants and RBA, but RCD growth of planted seedlings was not affected by RBA. Most of the study plots contained more than the projected number of seedlings needed to sustain the target diameter structure.Research highlights: Long-term continuous monitoring of seedling development and recruitment into canopy is required to determine the efficacy of UEA management. However, current data suggest that UEA methods may be a viable alternative to the use of even-aged (EA) methods in longleaf ecosystems.

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Section: Seedling Survival and Growthsupporting

confidence: 79%

Effects of basal area on survival and growth of longleaf pine when practicing selection silviculture

2017

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“…Past research indicates that retaining a residual overstory, particularly of hardwoods, will disproportionately reduce the survival and growth of shortleaf pine seedlings because of their shade tolerance (Shelton and Cain 2000). In contrast, Knapp et al (2013) reported that the survival of underplanted Pinus palustris, a shade-intolerant conifer, was increased by leaving a partial overstory compared to clearcutting, although seedling growth was reduced by canopy retention. Because of discrepancies in the literature and the interest in underplanting intolerant conifers such as shortleaf pine for restoration, we developed this study to quantify the survival and growth of shortleaf pine seedlings relative to competing hardwood seedlings as a function of initial shortleaf pine seedling size, understory competition, and overstory stocking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of initial seedling size, understory competition, and overstory density on the survival and growth of Pinus echinata seedlings underplanted in hardwood forests for restoration

et al. 2015

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There is interest in restoring shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) in pine-oak woodlands where it once was abundant. Because of its shade intolerance and slow initial growth rate, shortleaf pine restoration has remained a challenge because competition from hardwoods exhibits greater initial growth following canopy removal but greater shade tolerance with canopy retention. The study objective was to examine the survival and growth of underplanted shortleaf pine seedlings relative to competing hardwoods as a function of initial seedling size, overstory density, and understory competition. In the Ozark Highlands of southeastern Missouri, USA, 48, 0.4-ha experimental units were each harvested from below to a uniform stocking level from 0 to 90 % and 30, 1-0 improved shortleaf pine seedlings were planted on a 3.7 9 7.3 m spacing. Linear or logistic regression was used to determine how shortleaf pine seedling (1) survival, (2) basal diameter growth, and (3) shoot growth were related to initial seedling size, overstory stocking, and understory competitor height during the first 5 years after underplanting. After five growing seasons, the survival rate of shortleaf pine seedlings was 50 % and was positively related to the initial basal diameter but was not related to overstory stocking or competitor height. Increasing overstory stocking decreased the basal diameter and height growth of shortleaf pine seedlings, explaining [51 % of the variation in basal diameter and 54 % of the variation in seedling height. Although competing hardwood seedlings were consistently taller than the shortleaf pine seedlings throughout the study, shortleaf pine seedlings maintained similar growth rates as competitors from the second to the fifth growing season. The eventual release of shortleaf pine is essential for recruitment, but releases can be delayed for several years after underplanting.

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“…, Knapp et al. ). Several broad‐scope longleaf pine ecosystem dynamic studies have presented several pieces to the puzzle, particularly in relation to the habitat structure and burning regime on seedling dynamics (e.g., Glitzenstein et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The path back: oaks (Quercusspp.) facilitate longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) seedling establishment in xeric sites

et al. 2016

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Mitchell. 2016. The path back: oaks (Quercus spp.) facilitate longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) seedling establishment in xeric sites. Ecosphere 7(6):e01361. 10.1002/ecs2.1361Abstract. Understanding plant-plant facilitation is critical for predicting how plant community function will respond to changing disturbance and climate. In longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystems of the southeastern United States, understanding processes that affect pine reproduction is imperative for conservation efforts that aim to maintain ecosystem resilience across its wide geographic range and edaphic gradients. Variation in wildland fire and plant-plant interactions may be overlooked in "coarse filter" restoration management, where actions are often prescribed over a variety of ecological conditions with an assumed outcome. For example, hardwood reduction techniques are commonly deemed necessary for ecological restoration of longleaf pine ecosystems, as hardwoods are presumed competitors with longleaf pine seedlings. Natural regeneration dynamics are difficult to test experimentally given the infrequent and irregular mast seed events of the longleaf pine. Using a long-term, large-scale restoration experiment and a long-term monitoring data site at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida (USA), this study explores the influence of native fire-intolerant oaks on longleaf regeneration. We test for historical observations of hardwood facilitation against the null hypothesis of competitive exclusion. Our results provide evidence of hardwood facilitation on newly germinated longleaf pine seedlings (<2 yr old) after two mast seeding events (1996, 2011). Using regression-tree and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, we found that deciduous oak midstory density was the most significant variable associated with longleaf pine seedling survival rates in the first 2 yr after germination. We found that as few as 43 oak midstory stems ha −1 were sufficient to facilitate seedling survival, but as many as 1400 stems ha −1 maintained facilitation without competitive exclusion of seedlings. We found that 1.5-yr-old pine seedlings were more moisture stressed under more open canopy conditions when compared to those immediately adjacent to a midstory oak canopy. Recognition that deciduous oaks are important facilitators of longleaf seedling establishment on xeric sites represents a significant departure from conventional wisdom and current management practices that has largely focused on competitive exclusion. This points to a critical role of a deciduous oak midstory of moderate densities for long-term ecosystem resilience in xeric longleaf pine ecosystems in light of climate uncertainty.

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Effects of canopy structure and cultural treatments on the survival and growth of Pinus palustris Mill. seedlings underplanted in Pinus taeda L. stands

Cited by 34 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of basal area on survival and growth of longleaf pine when practicing selection silviculture

Effects of basal area on survival and growth of longleaf pine when practicing selection silviculture

Effect of initial seedling size, understory competition, and overstory density on the survival and growth of Pinus echinata seedlings underplanted in hardwood forests for restoration

The path back: oaks (Quercusspp.) facilitate longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) seedling establishment in xeric sites

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