Effects of Cannabis on Impulsivity: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Findings

Wrege, Johannes; Schmidt, André; Walter, Anna; Smieskova, Renata; Bendfeldt, Kerstin; Radüe, Ernst Wilhelm; Lang, Undine E.; Borgwardt, Stefan

doi:10.2174/13816128113199990428

Cited by 76 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Second, the relationship between impulsivity and outcome is complicated by the “chicken or the egg phenomenon.” Pretreatment neurobehavioral trait impulsivity precedes cannabis use, and cannabis use exacerbates impulsivity. It is unknown how this entwining of cannabis use and impulsivity affects treatment outcomes, especially in light of several studies linking impulsivity with cannabis use (Churchwell, Lopez-Larson, & Yurgelun-Todd, 2010; Dougherty et al, 2013; Wrege et al, 2014), yet others failing to find differences in impulsivity between adult users and non-users after acute cannabis use (Johnson et al, 2010; McDonald, Schleifer, Richards, & de Wit, 2003; Vadhan et al, 2007). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Pretreatment Impulsivity and High Medication Adherence Increase the Odds of Abstinence in a Trial of N-Acetylcysteine in Adolescents with Cannabis Use Disorder

Bentzley

Tomko

Gray

2016

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment

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Background In light of recent progress toward pharmacologic interventions to treat adolescent cannabis use disorder, it is important to consider which adolescent characteristics may be associated with a favorable response to treatment. This study presents secondary analyses from a parent randomized controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in adolescents with cannabis use disorder. We hypothesized high pretreatment impulsivity and medication non-adherence would be associated with reduced abstinence rates. Methods Participants were treatment-seeking adolescents (N = 115) who met criteria for cannabis use disorder and were assessed for pretreatment impulsivity. They received 1200 mg NAC or placebo orally twice daily for 8 weeks. An intent-to-treat analysis using a repeated-measures logistic regression model was used to relate pretreatment impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale) and treatment group to abstinence rates, measured by urine cannabinoid tests. To explore mechanisms by which NAC may reduce cannabis use, relationships between impulsivity, adherence, and abstinence were assessed in a second statistical model using data from participants with recorded adherence and urine cannabinoid test results (n = 54). Results In the intent-to-treat analysis, low pretreatment impulsivity, NAC treatment, and negative baseline urine cannabinoid test results independently increased the odds of having negative urine cannabinoid tests during treatment (OR = 2.1, 2.3, 5.3 respectively). In the sample of participants with adherence data (n = 54), adherence tripled the odds of abstinence. Notably, the effect of adherence on abstinence was only observed in the NAC treatment group. Lastly, although the highly impulsive participants had reduced rates of abstinence, highly impulsive individuals adherent to NAC treatment had increased abstinence rates compared to non-adherent individuals. Conclusion Low impulsivity, NAC treatment, medication adherence, and baseline negative cannabinoid testing were associated with increased rates of abstinence in adolescents seeking treatment for cannabis use disorder. Efforts to optimize pharmacotherapy adherence may be particularly crucial for highly impulsive individuals. Understanding and addressing factors, such as impulsivity and adherence, which may affect outcomes, may aid in the successful evaluation and development of potentially promising pharmacotherapies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Pretreatment Impulsivity and High Medication Adherence Increase the Odds of Abstinence in a Trial of N-Acetylcysteine in Adolescents with Cannabis Use Disorder

Bentzley

Tomko

Gray

2016

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment

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“…Separate ANCOVAS were performed on reaction time data, errors of commission, and errors of omission using current nicotine, current marijuana, and prenatal alcohol as covariates, which were selected given that these variables have been shown to impact performance on inhibitory responding tasks, such as the Go/No-Go (Burden et al, 2010;Ettinger et al, 2017;Hatchard et al, 2015;Luijten, Little, & Franken, 2011;Smith et al, 2011;Wrege et al, 2014;Zhao et al, 2016). Other variables that have been shown to impact response inhibition, like age and education, did not warrant inclusion as covariates in the analyses, as there was little variability on these measures between groups (in terms of standard errors), while the selected drug exposure covariates did show variability between groups.…”

Section: Performance Parameters and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural impact of low-level alcohol use on response inhibition: An fMRI investigation in young adults

Hatchard

Mioduszewski

Fall

et al. 2017

Behavioural Brain Research

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“…These effects may increase an individual’s susceptibility to the acute effects of marijuana on impulsivity and broader neurocognitive functioning (Martin-Santos et al, 2010; Wrege et al, 2014). Recreational marijuana users report elevated impulsivity traits, impulsive behaviors, and deficits in inhibitory control relative to non-drug users, but similar to binge drinkers (Griffith-Lendering et al, 2012; Moreno et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of marijuana use on impulsivity and hostility in daily life

Ansell¹,

Laws²,

Roche³

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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BACKGROUND Marijuana use is increasingly prevalent among young adults. While research has found adverse effects associated with marijuana use within experimentally controlled laboratory settings, it is unclear how recreational marijuana use affects day-to-day experiences in users. The present study sought to examine the effects of marijuana use on within-person changes in impulsivity and interpersonal hostility in daily life using smartphone administered assessments. METHODS Forty-three participants with no substance dependence reported on their alcohol consumption, tobacco use, recreational marijuana use, impulsivity, and interpersonal hostility over the course of 14 days. Responses were analyzed using multilevel modeling. RESULTS Marijuana use was associated with increased impulsivity on the same day and the following day relative to days when marijuana was not used, independent of alcohol use. Marijuana was also associated with increased hostile behaviors and perceptions of hostility in others on the same day when compared to days when marijuana was not used. These effects were independent of frequency of marijuana use or alcohol use. There were no significant effects of alcohol consumption on impulsivity or interpersonal hostility. CONCLUSIONS Marijuana use is associated with changes in impulse control and hostility in daily life. This may be one route by which deleterious effects of marijuana are observed for mental health and psychosocial functioning. Given the increasing prevalence of recreational marijuana use and the potential legalization in some states, further research on the potential consequences of marijuana use in young adults’ day-to-day life is warranted.

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Effects of Cannabis on Impulsivity: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Findings

Cited by 76 publications

References 110 publications

Low Pretreatment Impulsivity and High Medication Adherence Increase the Odds of Abstinence in a Trial of N-Acetylcysteine in Adolescents with Cannabis Use Disorder

Low Pretreatment Impulsivity and High Medication Adherence Increase the Odds of Abstinence in a Trial of N-Acetylcysteine in Adolescents with Cannabis Use Disorder

Neural impact of low-level alcohol use on response inhibition: An fMRI investigation in young adults

Effects of marijuana use on impulsivity and hostility in daily life

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