Effects of Cannabidiol on Exercise Physiology and Bioenergetics: A Randomised Controlled Pilot Trial

Sahinovic, Ayshe; Irwin, Christopher; Doohan, Peter T.; Kevin, Richard C.; Cox, Amanda J.; Lau, Namson S; Desbrow, Ben; Johnson, Nathan A.; Sabag, Angelo; Hislop, Matthew; Haber, Paul; McGregor, Iain S.; McCartney, Danielle

doi:10.1186/s40798-022-00417-y

Cited by 23 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…In addition, Sahinovic et al 47 recently conducted a small pilot trial investigating the effect of 300 mg oral CBD on physiological and subjective responses to submaximal and exhaustive running exercise. Formal statistical analyses were not performed as the study was underpowered to assess “effect.” However, CBD was found to increase feelings of pleasure during submaximal exercise, increase maximal oxygen consumption, and decrease exercise‐induced inflammation (i.e., serum interleukin‐1β concentrations) to a level the authors deemed “worthy of further investigation” (i.e., the 85% confidence interval around Cohen's d z included ±0.5 but not zero).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The safety and efficacy of low oral doses of cannabidiol: An evaluation of the evidence

Arnold

McCartney

Suraev

et al. 2022

Clinical Translational Sci

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Global interest in the non‐intoxicating cannabis constituent, cannabidiol (CBD), is increasing with claims of therapeutic effects across a diversity of health conditions. At present, there is sufficient clinical trial evidence to support the use of high oral doses of CBD (e.g., 10–50 mg/kg) in treating intractable childhood epilepsies. However, a question remains as to whether “low‐dose” CBD products confer any therapeutic benefits. This is an important question to answer, as low‐dose CBD products are widely available in many countries, often as nutraceutical formulations. The present review therefore evaluated the efficacy and safety of low oral doses of CBD. The review includes interventional studies that measured the clinical efficacy in any health condition and/or safety and tolerability of oral CBD dosed at less than or equal to 400 mg per day in adult populations (i.e., ≥18 years of age). Studies were excluded if the product administered had a Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol content greater than 2.0%. Therapeutic benefits of CBD became more clearly evident at doses greater than or equal to 300 mg. Increased dosing from 60 to 400 mg/day did not appear to be associated with an increased frequency of adverse effects. At doses of 300–400 mg, there is evidence of efficacy with respect to reduced anxiety, as well as anti‐addiction effects in drug‐dependent individuals. More marginal and less consistent therapeutic effects on insomnia, neurological disorders, and chronic pain were also apparent. Larger more robust clinical trials are needed to confirm the therapeutic potential of lower (i.e., <300 mg/day) oral doses of CBD.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Double Blind Placebo-controlled Trials Of Efficacymentioning

confidence: 99%

The safety and efficacy of low oral doses of cannabidiol: An evaluation of the evidence

Arnold

McCartney

Suraev

et al. 2022

Clinical Translational Sci

Self Cite

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“…Each CT was approved by a human research ethics committee (CT #1: Sydney Local Health District [2020/ETH00226]; CT #2: Bellberry [2018‐04‐284]; and CT #3: The University of Sydney [2019/474]), registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) (CT #1: ACTRN12620000941965; CT #2: ANZCTRN12619000714189; and CT #3: ACTRN12619001552178) and conducted at a single site in Sydney, Australia (CT #1: Charles Perkins Centre Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Clinic; CTs #2 and #3: Woolcock Institute of Medical Research) by members of the current authorship team in accordance with Good Clinical Practice Guidelines, the Declaration of Helsinki (1983) and local regulations. The complete methods of each CT are published elsewhere 4,33–35 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eligible participants had not used cannabis in ≥3 months as confirmed via a negative urine drug screen (UDS) (DrugCheck ® NxStep Onsite Urine DrugTest) and were instructed to avoid using cannabinoids throughout their involvement. The full eligibility criteria and details of the participant recruitment and screening processes are published elsewhere 4,[33][34][35].…”

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confidence: 99%

How long does a single oral dose of cannabidiol persist in plasma? Findings from three clinical trials

McCartney

Kevin

Suraev

et al. 2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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A growing number of clinical trials (CTs) are investigating the therapeutic potential of cannabidiol (CBD), a non‐intoxicating phytocannabinoid found in Cannabis sativa. These CTs often use crossover experimental designs requiring ‘washout’ (clearance) periods. However, the length of time CBD persists in plasma (its ‘window of detection’) is unclear and could be significant. Indeed, the structurally related phytocannabinoid, Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), has a long window of detection in plasma. We investigated the extent to which CBD and its major metabolites persist in plasma. Data from three CTs that measured plasma cannabinoid concentrations ≥7 days after administering a single oral dose of CBD were pooled. The CBD doses were as follows: CT #1: 300 mg; CT #2: 200 mg (and 10 mg THC); and CT #3: 15, 300 and 1500 mg (one per treatment session). Thirty‐two participants were included in the analysis, 17 of whom (from CT #3) provided repeated measures. Overall, 0% (15 mg), 60% (200 mg), 28% (300 mg) and 100% (1500 mg) of participants had detectable concentrations (i.e., >0.25 ng·ml−1) of CBD in plasma ≥7 days post‐treatment (some, several weeks post‐treatment). A zero‐inflated negative binomial mixed‐effects regression analysis (R2m = 0.44; R2c = 0.73) predicted that, on average, a 13 day washout period would reduce plasma CBD concentrations to ‘zero’ (i.e., <0.25 ng·ml−1) if a single oral dose of 300 mg was consumed. Higher doses require longer washout periods; concomitant medications may also affect clearance. In conclusion, CBD has a long window of detection in plasma. Crossover studies involving CBD should, therefore, be conducted with caution, particularly when higher doses and/or chronic dosing regimens are used.

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“…The use of products derived from cannabis is increasing among the general population, including athletes and habitual exercisers ( Docter et al, 2020 ; Weinberger et al, 2022 ). While recent consideration of the potential ergogenic benefits of cannabidiol has been reported ( Cochrane-Snyman et al, 2021 ; Isenmann et al, 2021 ; Crossland et al, 2022 ; Sahinovic et al, 2022 ), the influence of products containing the psychoactive cannabinoid, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is relatively understudied. Some athletes are incorporating THC-containing cannabis products in their routine training ( YorkWilliams et al, 2019 ; Kennedy, 2022 ; Ogle et al, 2022 ) despite the lack of up-to-date empirical information as to how cannabis might influence training and exercise performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edible marijuana and cycle ergometer exercise

et al. 2022

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Purpose: There is extensive public and scientific interest in the influence of cannabis and the psychoactive cannabinoid, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), on exercise performance. Unfortunately, recent, up-to-date studies are lacking. The aim of the current study was to address the hypothesis that ingestion of edible marijuana, prior to exercise, would have unfavorable effects on the physiological response to exercise and on exercise performance.Methods: 17 Healthy adult male and female habitual exercisers, who were regular users of cannabis products, were screened for study participation. 10 were enrolled, and data from 9 [8 males, 1 female, aged 25±3 years, with peak oxygen uptake of 56.5±11.7 ml/kg/min (mean ± SD)] were retained. Participation included two exercise sessions, each preceded by self-administration and ingestion of either edible marijuana (containing 10 mg THC) or placebo. Cardio-respiratory responses (via indirect calorimetry) to stationary cycle ergometer exercise (8 min at 50, 100 and 150 W) were recorded before completion of a 20-min Functional Threshold Power test (FTP20) and a sprint test involving maximal effort until volitional fatigue.Results: Edible marijuana increased the concentration of circulating THC and THC metabolites, and evoked sensations of intoxication and altered psychoactive state. Cardio-respiratory responses to staged cycle ergometer exercise were normal and were unaffected by edible marijuana. Compared with placebo, edible marijuana did not influence FTP20 (Placebo 253±75 vs THC: 251±72 W (mean±SD); p > 0.45) or peak power output during the sprint test (Placebo: 710±201 vs. THC: 732±136 W; p = 0.864).Conclusion: 10 mg of THC, when ingested prior to exercise by regular exercisers and habitual users of cannabis, had little effect on the physiological response to standardized cycle ergometer exercise, and was neither ergogenic nor ergolytic.

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Effects of Cannabidiol on Exercise Physiology and Bioenergetics: A Randomised Controlled Pilot Trial

Cited by 23 publications

References 72 publications

The safety and efficacy of low oral doses of cannabidiol: An evaluation of the evidence

The safety and efficacy of low oral doses of cannabidiol: An evaluation of the evidence

How long does a single oral dose of cannabidiol persist in plasma? Findings from three clinical trials

Edible marijuana and cycle ergometer exercise

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