Effects of Calorie Restriction in Obese Older Adults: The CROSSROADS Randomized Controlled Trial

Ard, Jamy D.; Gower, Barbara A.; Hunter, Gary R.; Ritchie, Christine S.; Roth, David L.; Goss, Amy M.; Wingo, Brooks C.; Bodner, Eric; Brown, Cynthia J.; Bryan, David R.; Buys, David R.; Haas, Marilyn C.; Dulin, Akilah; Flagg, Lee Anne; Williams, Courtney; Locher, Julie L.

doi:10.1093/gerona/glw237

Cited by 39 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In this study, we observed that SG decreased COMT as well as renin and Ang-II levels in the kidney compared with PF. There are conflicting observations, given that caloric restriction is a first-line therapy recommendation for individuals with obesity and that several clinical studies have shown specific renal benefits of caloric restriction on BP, proteinuria, and renal function (39,40). However, these findings are not necessarily contradictory to our results.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Blood Pressure and the Renal Renin–Angiotensin System in Rats with Diet‐Induced Obesity

Yoshida

Gotoh

Masaki

et al. 2019

Obesity

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Objective Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has been reported to decrease blood pressure (BP), although the reason has not been revealed. The present study aimed to establish the reason why SG decreases BP. Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to surgical (sham operation or SG) and dietary interventions (fed a normal diet or high‐fat diet ad libitum or fed by pair‐feeding [PF]). Systolic BP (SBP), urinary sodium excretion, and endocrine parameters were examined 4 weeks after surgery. Results Both SG and PF rats had reduced body weight compared with SO rats fed normal diet or high‐fat diet ad libitum. SG rats exhibited a reduction in SBP compared with PF, which was associated with a reduction in renal renin, angiotensin II, and catechol‐O‐methyltransferase levels (P < 0.01 for each). SG increased plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) levels compared with PF (P < 0.0001 for each), whereas glucagon‐like peptide 1 and peptide YY were not changed in fasting. Exogenous administration of CCK reduced renal catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (P = 0.0233), renin (P < 0.0001), and angiotensin II (P < 0.0001) levels and SBP (P = 0.0053). Conclusions SG reduced SBP, at least in part, through suppression of sympathetic nerve action by elevation of CCK, which was followed by suppression of the intrarenal renin–angiotensin system.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Blood Pressure and the Renal Renin–Angiotensin System in Rats with Diet‐Induced Obesity

Yoshida

Gotoh

Masaki

et al. 2019

Obesity

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“…VLEDs were associated with constipation, dizziness, cold intolerance (all of which are well documented), and minor increases in urea and creatinine . Where adverse events were reported, these were related to falls during exercise interventions . Large weight loss studies, which followed up participants for 7 and 9 years, found no increase in mortality in those randomized to the weight loss arm compared with those who were not.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Treatment of obesity in older persons—A systematic review

Haywood

Sumithran

2019

Obesity Reviews

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The study aims to systematically review the available evidence regarding weight loss interventions (lifestyle, surgical, and pharmacological) for obesity in adults aged over 60 years. A search of prospective, randomized studies took place in January 2018, on Medline (Web of Science) and PubMed databases. Search terms included the following: elderly, obese, hypocaloric, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery. Abstracts were screened for eligibility. A total of 256 publications regarding lifestyle interventions were identified; of these, 69 studies were eligible. As no eligible studies were identified for pharmacotherapy or bariatric surgery, the search was broadened to include non-randomized studies. Four pharmacotherapy and 66 surgery studies were included. Lifestyle intervention had similar weight loss efficacy in older compared with younger people, with positive effects on a number of relevant outcomes, including physical function and cardiovascular parameters. There was little data regarding obesity pharmacotherapy in older persons. The available data for bariatric surgery indicate comparable weight loss and resolution of type 2 diabetes, with similar or slightly higher complication rates in older compared with younger people. Older age alone should not be considered a contraindication to intensive lifestyle or surgical intervention for obesity. There are insufficient data to guide clinical decisions regarding obesity pharmacotherapy in older people. Abstract] OR RCT [Title/Abstract] OR randomly [Title/Abstract] OR random [Title/Abstract]) #1 Search ((obesity [Title/Abstract] OR obese [Title/Abstract] OR "weight loss"[Title/Abstract] OR "weight reduction"[Title/ Abstract])) AND (elderly [Title/Abstract] OR older [Title/ Abstract] OR geriatric [Title/Abstract]) HAYWOOD AND SUMITHRAN 589

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“…No adverse effects were observed. In conclusion, it was found that, although it did not reduce the visceral fat content, moderate calorie restriction decreased the total fat content and cardiometabolic risk [34]. A study by Bell et al on 6.940 people aged from 50 to 90 (National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set) showed that rapid weight loss (> 5% in 12 months) during 3.8 years of observation resulted in increased mild cognitive impairment and dementia, while a low (but stable) weight was not associated with an increased risk of these disorders.…”

Section: Redukcja Masy Ciała Jako Zalecenie Leczniczementioning

confidence: 83%

“…Efekty planowych modyfikacji dietetycznych (w zakresie podaży kalorii) u otyłych starszych przedstawia Ard i wsp. [34]. Obserwacja trwała 52 tygodnie i obejmowała 164 starszych otyłych, których podzielono na grupy.…”

Section: Redukcja Masy Ciała Jako Zalecenie Leczniczeunclassified

Should weight loss in elderly people be recommended?

Pyka

Zielen-Zynek

Kowalska

et al. 2019

Ann. Acad. Med. Siles.

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The elderly population is characterised by chronic diseases. Both age-related changes in the body's systems and diseases can lead, on the one hand, to undernutrition and consequent cachexia, and, on the other hand, to an excessive energy supply and reduced physical activity, leading to excessive body weight (overweight/obesity). Both cachexia and excess body weight are prognostic indicators. The authors discuss the occurrence of excessive body weight in the context of the obesity paradox, the multiple morbidities observed in this population group and the recommendations for further action aimed at reducing body weight.

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Effects of Calorie Restriction in Obese Older Adults: The CROSSROADS Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract: While moderate calorie restriction did not significantly decrease VAT in older adults at high risk for cardiometabolic disease, it did reduce total body fat and cardiometabolic risk factors without significantly more adverse events and lean mass loss.

Cited by 39 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Blood Pressure and the Renal Renin–Angiotensin System in Rats with Diet‐Induced Obesity

Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Blood Pressure and the Renal Renin–Angiotensin System in Rats with Diet‐Induced Obesity

Treatment of obesity in older persons—A systematic review

Should weight loss in elderly people be recommended?

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