Effects of calcium intake, milk and dairy product intake, and blood vitamin D level on osteoporosis risk in Korean adults: analysis of the 2008 and 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Han

Journal of Periodontology

et al. 2014

Men with higher alcohol intake were more likely to have a higher prevalence of treatment needs regardless of their age, socioeconomic factors, systemic conditions (including diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome), and number of times of toothbrushing per day in multivariable adjusted models. By contrast, in women, alcohol intake was not independently associated with periodontal treatment needs. Alcohol consumption was discovered to be a potential risk indicator for periodontal treatment needs in men in this study.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Periodontal Disease: The 2008 to 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Han

Journal of Periodontology

et al. 2014

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

“…The Korean Natl. Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) results from 9444 adults found that both dietary calcium and vitamin D status impacted osteoporosis incidence in a population with typically low calcium and dairy food intake (Hong and others ). As calcium intake and serum vitamin D levels increased in this group, osteoporosis risk decreased significantly.…”

Section: Bone Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy Foods: Current Evidence of their Effects on Bone, Cardiometabolic, Cognitive, and Digestive Health

Hess

Jonnalagadda²,

Slavin

2015

Dairy foods have long been considered nutrient-dense and health-promoting products that offer many health benefits to their consumers. This review is an overview of the health benefits associated with them, drawing from recent research conducted on the associations of dairy food components with bone, cardiometabolic, cognitive, and digestive health in cross-sectional and intervention studies. Each section details the associations of dairy with a certain aspect of health and focuses on the benefits milk product consumption may have on the prevention and management of chronic health conditions such as osteoporosis, the metabolic syndrome, and dementia. Dairy food components, as well as the potential biological mechanisms responsible for their effects on health, are also addressed. Although several of the biological mechanisms warrant further research, current evidence suggests that dairy consumption confers some beneficial effects to bone, cardiometabolic, cognitive, and digestive health. Due to its nutrient profile and the current evidence of its benefits, at least 1 daily serving of a dairy item is recommended by the dietary guidelines of several countries. Yet, even in the United States, many individuals do not consume the recommended 3 cups of dairy foods a day. Therefore, this review concludes with a description of the current public health impact of dairy food research as well as recommendations for the food industry to formulate dairy foods that are both palatable and health-promoting for consumers.

“…One of the most important mineral partnerships is that of calcium and phosphorus, with the calcium/phosphorus ratio in bone being 2.2:1 166 . An intake ratio of <1.0 was associated with nephrocalcinosis in rats but increasing the ratio to 1.3 inhibited calcification development 167 , while a low intake ratio increased osteoporosis risk in Koreans 168 and increased bone resorption markers 169 but a ratio of at least ≥0.74 benefited bone among younger females 87,170 . Although phosphorus restriction increases serum ionised calcium 70 , phosphorus supplementation was also associated with decreased urinary calcium excretion 126,171 , suggesting that calcium is retained to bind the phosphorus.…”

Section: Other Multinutrient Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cardiovascular Calcification and Bone: A Comparison of The Effects of Dietary and Serum Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium and Vitamin D

Nicoll¹

2015

ICFJ

This comparison of the effects of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and vitamin D on cardiovascular (CV) calcification and bone has shown that in general the micronutrients that promote bone health also protect the arteries. We have shown that adequate amounts of all three minerals should be ingested, paying particular attention to supplementing calcium to bind high phosphorus and to ensure the maximum benefit from supplementing vitamin D. It appears that the optimum intake for bone is >800 mg/d calcium, with postmenopausal women possibly requiring a total intake of >1100mg/d. Both CV and bone studies suggest achieving a serum 25(OH)D level of >75nmol/l. These relationships are valid for a Caucasian population, however, and may not hold in African Americans and Asians. The recent concerns that calcium supplementation may increase CV disease risk has largely proved groundless, with higher calcium intake improving dyslipidaemia, hypertension and mortality. With respect to higher serum phosphate, there is an association with CV calcification and CVD risk even within the normal range, suggesting that the reference ranges may need to be redefined for ‘at risk’ patients. CV calcification was reduced in CKD patients with magnesium intake in the range 384-669mg/d. When considering the complex interplay of the action of the minerals together with their regulators vitamin D, PTH and FGF23, it is clear that this is a very sophisticated system which attempts to maintain calcium homeostasis to the possible detriment of bone and arteries. This reinforces the need to ensure adequate calcium intake before supplementing vitamin D.