Effects of Calcium Gluconate on Experimental Periodontitis and Alveolar Bone Loss in Rats

Abstract

Abstract:We examined the effects of calcium gluconate, an anti-inflammatory calcium salt, on ligature-induced experimental periodontitis and related alveolar bone loss. Calcium gluconate was orally administered daily for 10 days at 250, 125 or 62.5 mg ⁄ kg, beginning 1 day after ligation. We recorded changes in body-weight and alveolar bone loss and quantified the anti-inflammatory effects of calcium gluconate by measuring levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), IL-1b and TNF-a. We also evaluated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration as a measure of antioxidant effects. Ligature placement produced a marked decrease in body-weight, increased alveolar bone loss, and led to increased MPO, IL-1b, TNF-a and MDA concentrations, as well as elevated iNOS activity, increased inflammatory cell infiltration and decreased collagen fibre content in gingival tissue. Histopathology revealed decreased alveolar bone volume, increased osteoclast cell numbers and activity, and an elevated percentage of osteclasts on the alveolar bone surface. The effects of ligature placement were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by 10 days of daily oral treatment with 250 and 125 mg ⁄ kg of calcium gluconate. The results suggest that 10 days daily oral treatment with calcium gluconate effectively inhibits ligature placement-induced periodontitis and related alveolar bone loss via antioxidant effects.

Low‐dose combination of alendronate and atorvastatin reduces ligature‐induced alveolar bone loss in rats

“…A decrease in BALP serum levels was also observed. These findings are in agreement with those of other authors . Periodontitis did not cause any systemic alterations in the levels of liver enzymes.…”

“…Considering the role of inflammation on alveolar bone loss, we decided to evaluate the effects of ALD and ATV in ligature-induced alveolar bone loss in rats, a well-established model (9,11,16,(18)(19)(20). These drugs were tested because BPs have been shown to be potent inhibitors of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption (3).…”

Comparative analysis of gingival tissue antigen presentation pathways in ageing and periodontitis

“…Additionally, elevated levels of antibodies are detected to bacteria considered to be pathogens in oral biofilms (Hayman et al, 2011, Ramseier et al, 2009, Kinane and Bartold, 2007, Takeuchi et al, 2006). The breadth of adaptive immune responses, coupled with the detection and proposed role of professional antigen presenting cells (APCs), macrophages (Ku et al, 2011, Artese et al, 2011, Ren et al, 2009) and den-dritic cells (Jotwani et al, 2001, Cutler and Jotwani, 2006) supports that local antigen uptake, processing, and presentation must occur and play a role in control of periodontal infections.…”

Locally delivered antioxidant gel as an adjunct to nonsurgical therapy improves measures of oxidative stress and periodontal disease

“…Some antioxidants such as lycopene demonstrate intriguing nonantioxidant properties that are known to have beneficial effects on alveolar bone loss and tooth mobility in subjects with periodontal disease [20]. Conversely, some drugs not traditionally prescribed as antioxidants such as simvastatin [21], melatonin [22], and calcium salts [23] have been shown to prevent inflammatory bone resorption through their latent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.…”