Effects of Caffeine on Performance, Cardiorespiratory Function and Plasma Hormonal Responses during Exhaustive Treadmill Exercise in the Thoroughbred Horse.

Kurosawa, Masahiko; Nagata, Shun‐ichi; Takeda, Fujie; Mima, Kyousuke; Hiraga, Atsushi; Kai, Makoto; Taya, Kazuyoshi

doi:10.1294/jes.9.33

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In a study performed by Kurosawa et al horses that were given caffeine and subjected to exercise had a greater packed cell volume than horses that were not given caffeine [39]. Caffeine increases the release of catecholamines, especially epinephrine, which stimulates splenic contraction, thus increasing Htc [36,43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The blood gas values at T56 revealed metabolic acidosis in animals 1, 2, 3 and 5, which had lower HCO 3 values than the standard values for the species. However, caffeine stimulation of respiratory centers could have caused bronchodilation [ 28 ] and increased oxygen uptake [ 39 ], resulting in hyperpnea (an increase in respiratory rate and amplitude), which was observed between T48 and T60. This condition caused an increase in PO 2 and SO 2 , as well as a reduction in pCO 2 and tCO 2 , thus counteracting the metabolic acidosis with respiratory alkalosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relative polycythemia observed was associated with hemoconcentration (confirmed by the increase in serum TP at T56) and splenic contraction, which releases a large number of erythrocytes into the circulation [ 36 ]. In a study performed by Kurosawa et al horses that were given caffeine and subjected to exercise had a greater packed cell volume than horses that were not given caffeine [ 39 ]. Caffeine increases the release of catecholamines, especially epinephrine, which stimulates splenic contraction, thus increasing Htc [ 36 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equine poisoning by coffee husk (Coffea arabicaL.)

et al. 2012

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BackgroundIn Brazil, coffee (Coffea arabica) husks are reused in several ways due to their abundance, including as stall bedding. However, field veterinarians have reported that horses become intoxicated after ingesting the coffee husks that are used as bedding. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether coffee husk consumption causes intoxication in horses.ResultsSix horses fed coast cross hay ad libitum were given access to coffee husks and excitability, restlessness, involuntary muscle tremors, chewing movements and constant tremors of the lips and tongue, excessive sweating and increased respiration and heart rates were the most evident clinical signs. Caffeine levels were measured in the plasma and urine of these horses on two occasions: immediately before the coffee husks were made available to the animals (T0) and at the time of the clinical presentation of intoxication, 56 h after the animals started to consume the husks (T56). The concentrations of caffeine in the plasma (p < 0.001) and urine (p < 0.001) of these animals were significantly greater at T56 than at T0.ConclusionsIt was concluded that consumption of coffee husks was toxic to horses due to the high levels of caffeine present in their composition. Therefore, coffee husks pose a risk when used as bedding or as feed for horses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equine poisoning by coffee husk (Coffea arabicaL.)

et al. 2012

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“…Both substances exert a variety of pharmacological effects, such as stimulation of spontaneous locomotion 1 and an increase of the maximum oxygen uptake by bronchodilation. 2 Recently, caffeine and theophylline were detected in several antidoping tests performed by the FEI. 3 Notably, caffeine and theophylline residues in blood or urine can be related to intentional administration or to inadvertent intake as contaminants of feed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methylxanthines caffeine and theophylline are considered as substances relevant for doping in horses by major horse sports authorities such as the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI) or the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities (IFHA). Both substances exert a variety of pharmacological effects, such as stimulation of spontaneous locomotion 1 and an increase of the maximum oxygen uptake by bronchodilation 2 . Recently, caffeine and theophylline were detected in several antidoping tests performed by the FEI 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic analysis to assess the scientific validity of the international residue limits for caffeine and theophylline in horse‐racing

Hertzsch

Richter

2019

Veterinary Record

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Based on their performance-enhancing potential, caffeine and theophylline are prohibited substances in equine sports. Residues in horses can be caused by wilful application or by unintended uptake of contaminated feed. The International Federation of Horseracing Authorities recently introduced international residue limits (IRLs) to facilitate the discrimination between pharmacological relevant and irrelevant concentrations in doping samples. The objective of this study was to investigate the scientific validity of these IRLs. A systematic analysis was performed to assess the IRLs by different statistical approaches using published pharmacokinetic data. 31 out of 218 potentially relevant publications met the inclusion criteria. Thereby, both IRLs were found to be appropriate for the exclusion of the presence of a relevant pharmacological effect after a wilful application. The IRL of theophylline was also determined to be suitable for the prevention of positive doping tests caused by the ingestion of contaminated feed. In contrast, the IRL of caffeine is not suitable to prevent positive doping test caused by the ingestion of more than 10 mg caffeine per day per horse with contaminated feed. The lack of corresponding regulation for paraxanthine, a major active metabolite of caffeine and theophylline, was recognised as a substantial shortcoming of the current system, rendering both IRLs incomplete.

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Influence of exercise and emotional stresses on secretion of prolactin and growth hormone in Thoroughbred horses

Kitaura

Sato

Hada

et al. 2021

JES

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The secretion of prolactin and growth hormone in response to exercise and emotional stresses was investigated in Thoroughbreds. Two experiments were performed: one with loading of only exercise stress and one with simultaneous loading of exercise and emotional stresses. Exercise stress was loaded in 4 steps using a treadmill for horses: pre-exercise period (5 min), walking period (6.5 min), galloping period (3 min), and cooling down period (10 min). Emotional stress was loaded by showing a loud video of an audience at a racetrack during the walking period. The results clearly demonstrated that exercise stress rapidly increased the secretion of prolactin and growth hormone and that secretion of them persisted for a specific period after the exercise. In addition, emotional stress promoted prolactin secretion.

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Effects of Caffeine on Performance, Cardiorespiratory Function and Plasma Hormonal Responses during Exhaustive Treadmill Exercise in the Thoroughbred Horse.

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Equine poisoning by coffee husk (Coffea arabicaL.)

Equine poisoning by coffee husk (Coffea arabicaL.)

Systematic analysis to assess the scientific validity of the international residue limits for caffeine and theophylline in horse‐racing

Influence of exercise and emotional stresses on secretion of prolactin and growth hormone in Thoroughbred horses

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