Effects of Caffeine and Gender on Vigilance and Marksmanship

Johnson, Richard F.; Merullo, Donna J.

doi:10.1177/154193129604002315

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Johnson and Merullo (1996) found that for 3-hour test sessions, target detection response time deteriorated with time on sentry duty and that vigilance decrements were attenuated by 200 mg of caffeine. For men, marksmanship accuracy was constant over time; for women, marksmanship accuracy deteriorated after 1.5 hours.…”

Section: Sleep Deprivation Circadian Rhythm and Marksmanshipmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Effect of Continuous Operations and Various Secondary Task Displays on Soldier Shooting Performance

Scribner¹,

Wiley²,

Harper³

2007

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, ARL-TR-4268 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTSoldiers will be required to perform missions with advanced information displays as the Army transforms. Soldiers will also be placed under a range of environmental stressors including continuous operations. The need to provide an information display that is operable during extended stressful conditions is crucial to the mission success of the Soldier. Optimal Soldier-system performance is desired to maximize performance and minimize errors for the end result of increased Soldier survivability and lethality. This study was performed at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory's Human Research and Engineering Directorate shooting simulator facility. The study examined the the presentation of secondary task workload via an auditory display and two visual display conditions. There was also a no-workload shooting condition. The two visual display conditions consisted of a forearm-mounted display (FMD) and a helmet-mounted display (HMD), both configured with an auditory alert cue that informed the Soldier of a new math problem appearing on the display screen. Soldiers were asked to complete a secondary workload task consisting of arithmetic problems while engaged in a friend-or-foe shooting scenario with various stages of sleep deprivation. Data were collected every 6 hours for periods of 0 through 30 hours of sleeplessness. This study examined (a) the shooting performance of Soldiers during all conditions including shoot/do-not-shoot decisions, hit percentage, and response time, (b) the ability of Soldiers to complete secondary tasks in each display mode in a single and dual task paradigm, and (c) the ability of Soldiers to perform these single and dual task shooting scenarios continually for 30 hours without sleep. Participants were 12 U.S. Army Soldiers recruited from the 143rd Ordnance Batallion at Aberdeen Ground, Maryland. The shooting task consisted of a 24-target pop-up scenario with friendly and enemy E-type silhouette targets. Analyses of variance revealed significant simple and interaction effects. SUBJECT TERMScontinuous operations; displays; secondary task; shooting performance SECURITY

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Section: Sleep Deprivation Circadian Rhythm and Marksmanshipmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Effect of Continuous Operations and Various Secondary Task Displays on Soldier Shooting Performance

Scribner¹,

Wiley²,

Harper³

2007

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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“…Most of the studies involving shooting performance by Johnson and McMenemy (1989), Johnson (1995), and Johnson and Merullo (1996) at the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine have used the Weaponeer system. Wolf (1989) however, describes a program of instruction for basic rifle marksmanship training and suggests ways of maintaining unit effectiveness in marksmanship after formal training.…”

Section: Simulators and Marksmanship Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have been performed with the Weaponeer as a shooting research platform (Schendel, 1982;Abbott, 1991;Johnson & Merullo, 1996, Johnson & McMenemy, 1989, although some studies have employed the use of the MACS (Abbott, 1991) and the EST (Hagman, 1998).…”

Section: Simulated Fire and Live Fire Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Live and Simulated Fire Soldier Shooting Performance

Scribner¹,

Wiley²,

Harper³

2007

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, ARL-TR-4234 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTThe use of simulation is increasing as our capabilities of producing high-fidelity virtual environments expand. This is true for marksmanship and engagement shooting trainers as well. Many marksmanship studies have used simulated fire, but not many of these simulators have been validated with a live fire comparison. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory's dismounted infantry survivability and lethality test bed (DISALT) is highly effective as a research tool because of its high-fidelity data capture and flexibility for shooting scenarios. However, no live fire validation data have been published for it. A simulated version of the outdoor small-arms experimental range at Aberdeen Proving Ground (known as M-Range) was built by the authors. A study was designed in which live fire would be compared to the simulated fire during controlled laboratory conditions with the use of DISALT. Participants were 12 U.S. Army Soldiers, military occupational specialty 11C (indirect fire dismounted infantryman). The shooting task consisted of an 18-target pop-up scenario that used olive drab green E-type silhouettes. Ranges consisted of 75-, 100-, 150-, 200-, 250-, and 300-meter targets from a kneeling foxhole-supported position. Each participant was exposed to 10 trials each of simulation and live fire, half performing simulated fire first and vice versa. Target exposure time was 3 seconds with a 3-second inter-target interval. De-militarized M16A2 rifles with iron sights outfitted with electronics were used for the simulated fire, while operational M16A2 rifles with iron sights were used with M855 ball ammunition for the live fire portion. Data collected included hit percentage, time to first shot, radial aiming error, subjective workload and stress data. All data were analyzed with a repeated measures analysis of variance. Statistical differences and non-differences in the performance and subjective data are discussed.

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“…In addition, even in rested warfighters that are required to maintain alertness for long periods of time, key aspects of cognitive performance, in particular vigilance, significantly deteriorate (Johnson, 1991;Johnson and Merullo, 1996). One strategy that can be employed to mitigate, in part, such decrements in cognitive performance is the administration of the food component/drug caffeine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Caffinated Tube Food on Cognitive Performance During Fatigue/Circadian Desynchronosis

Doan¹,

Hickey²,

Fischer³

et al. 2004

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information , 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)AFRL/HE SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) AFRL-HE-BR-TR-2004-0189 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTThis report describes the approach and initial results of an investigation of 12 USAF Pilots to determine whether moderate doses of caffeine formulated in tube foods can enhance cognitive vigilance performance in a laboratory study designed to simulate the cognitive demands of a nighttime 10-hr U-2 mission. SUBJECT TERMS IV SummaryRationale: Performance sustaining tools are needed to meet demanding mission requirements safely and effectively during sustained and surge operations that superimpose circadian rhythm effects on fatigue in aircrews. Many of the operational tasks that U-2 pilots conduct require sustained vigilance and utilize both visual and auditory modalities. Focus groups conducted with operational U-2 pilots suggest that they have difficulties maintaining the required levels of alertness during many missions and pilot sleep loss is often unavoidable in U-2, as in other military aviation operations. Tube foods are the only foods that can be consumed during a U-2 mission. Caffeine has been demonstrated to be a safe and effective strategy to enhance cognitive performance in numerous military and civilian studies. Objective: To determine whether moderate doses of caffeine included in tube foods enhance cognitive, vigilance, and basic simulated pilot performance in a laboratory study designed to simulate the cognitive demands of a U-2 mission. Methods: Volunteer participants were 12 healthy USAF male pilots from the San Antonio Area. The study used a double-blind, two-factor, repeated-measures design. Assessments of each dependent measure included tests for the effects of the factors, tube food (caffeinated or placebo) and time (5 iterations throughout the night). Sleep was not permitted on the test nights. One tube of tube food (caffeinated (200 mg) or placebo) was consumed at 2345 and one tube at 0345. On the day of each test, participants arose from sleep no later than 0700 and completed five two-hour testing blocks from 2200 to 0800 the next morning. Flight performance parameters were m...

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Effects of Caffeine and Gender on Vigilance and Marksmanship

Cited by 32 publications

References 6 publications

The Effect of Continuous Operations and Various Secondary Task Displays on Soldier Shooting Performance

The Effect of Continuous Operations and Various Secondary Task Displays on Soldier Shooting Performance

A Comparison of Live and Simulated Fire Soldier Shooting Performance

The Effect of Caffinated Tube Food on Cognitive Performance During Fatigue/Circadian Desynchronosis

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