Effects of cadmium on the activities of ALT and AST as well as the content of TP in plasma of freshwater turtle Mauremys reevesii

Huo, Junfeng; Dong, A.; Yan, Jing; Dong, Ailing

doi:10.1007/s11356-020-08338-7

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In addition, the increase in Ca 2+ levels accelerates reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, also resulting in oxidative stress ( 26 , 27 ). Cd induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and DNA mutations by inhibiting the DNA repair system and inducing protein damage ( 28 – 30 ). Cd damages the adenosine triphosphate system and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which can lead to an increase in various metabolites related to lipid metabolism and triglycerides and disrupted energy metabolism ( 18 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole Transcriptome Profiling of the Effects of Cadmium on the Liver of the Xiangxi Yellow Heifer

Wei

Yi²,

Shen

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Cadmium (Cd) is a major heavy metal toxicant found in industrial zones. Humans and animals are exposed to it through their diet, which results in various physiological problems. In the current study, the toxic effects of Cd on the liver were investigated by whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) of the livers of Xiangxi heifers fed a diet with excess Cd. We randomly divided six healthy heifers into two groups. The first group received a control diet, whereas the second group received Cd-exceeding diets for 100 days. After 100 days, the livers were collected. A total of 551 differentially expressed mRNAs, 24 differentially expressed miRNAs, and 169 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified (p < 0.05, |log2FC| >1). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses. We found that under Cd exposure, DEGs were enriched in the adenosine 5'-monophosphate–activated protein kinase pathway, which is involved in autophagy regulation, and the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor pathway, which is involved in lipid metabolism. In addition, the apolipoprotein A4 gene, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, the anti-apoptotic gene ATPase H+/K+ transporting the nongastric alpha2 subunit, and the cholesterol metabolism–associated gene endothelial lipase gene were significantly downregulated. C–X–C motif chemokine ligand 3, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase, which are involved in the development of fatty liver, were significantly upregulated. These genes revealed the main effects of Cd on the liver of Xiangxi yellow heifers. The current study provides insightful information regarding the DEGs involved in autophagy regulation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, anti-inflammation, and antioxidant enzyme activity. These may serve as useful biomarkers for predicting and treating Cd-related diseases in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole Transcriptome Profiling of the Effects of Cadmium on the Liver of the Xiangxi Yellow Heifer

Wei

Yi²,

Shen

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…The results showed that LG intervention increased plasma ALP activity and may promote protein synthesis in piglets. In addition, ALT, AST, AST/ALT, and ALP in plasma are indicators of liver function, and liver dysfunction causes an increase in AST/ALT activities, which are gradually decreased when liver function is repaired [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. In this study, LG intervention decreased AST/ALT activities at day 21, indicating that LG may help repair liver function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Supplementation with Mono-Lactate Glyceride Enhances Intestinal Function of Weaned Piglets

Zhang

Xie

et al. 2023

Animals

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Mono-lactate glyceride (LG) is a short-chain fatty acid ester. It has been shown that short-chain fatty acid esters play an important role in maintaining intestinal structure and function. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of mono-lactate glyceride on growth performance and intestinal morphology and function in weaned piglets. Sixteen 21-day-old weaned piglets of similar weight were distributed arbitrarily to two treatments: The control group (basal diet) and the LG group (basal diet + 0.6% mono-lactate glyceride). The experiment lasted for 21 days. On day 21 of the trial, piglets were weighed, and blood and intestinal samples were collected for further analysis. Results showed that dietary supplementation with 0.6% mono-lactate glyceride decreased (p < 0.05) the diarrhea rate and the contents of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in the ileum and jejunum and increased (p < 0.05) the expression of intestinal tight junction protein (Occludin) and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the ileum and colon. In addition, mono-lactate glyceride supplementation could enhance intestinal mucosal growth by increasing (p < 0.05) the mRNA levels of extracellular regulated protein kinases, promote intestinal mucosal water and nutrient transport and lipid metabolism by increasing (p < 0.05) the mRNA levels of b0,+ amino acid transporter, aquaporin 3, aquaporin 10, gap junction protein alpha 1, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, and lipoprotein lipase, enhance antiviral and immune function by increasing (p < 0.05) the mRNA levels of nuclear factor kappa-B, interferon-β, mucovirus resistance protein II, 2’-5’-oligoadenylate synthetase-like, interferon-γ, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, and toll-like receptor 4, and enhance antioxidant capacity by increasing (p < 0.05) the mRNA levels of NF-E2-related factor 2 and glutathione S-transferase omega 2 and decreasing (p < 0.05) the mRNA level of NADPH oxidase 2. These results suggested that dietary supplementation with mono-lactate glyceride could decrease the diarrhea rate by improving intestinal antioxidant capacity, intestinal mucosal barrier, intestinal immune defense function, and intestinal mucosal water and nutrient transport. Collectively, dietary supplementation with 0.6% mono-lactate glyceride improved the intestinal function of weaned piglets.

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“…One such important environmental pollutant in freshwater ecosystems is cadmium which can be ingested by turtles. Cadmium affects turtles' hepatic enzyme levels, gene expression, and DNA methylation, thereby exhibiting toxic damage to the liver (Huo et al, 2020a(Huo et al, , 2020bMizoguchi et al, 2022). Therefore, turtle-derived hepatic organoids could be a valuable model for studying aquatic ecosystem health and further cellular and molecular effects of heavy metal pollution on endangered and non-vulnerable species alike.…”

Section: Benefits Of 3d Organoids For Conservation Ecotoxicology and ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the First Turtle Organoids: A Model for Investigating Unique Adaptations with Biomedical Potential

Zdyrski

Gabriel

Gessler

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Painted turtles are remarkable for their well-developed freeze tolerance and associated resilience to hypoxia/anoxia, oxidative stress, and ability to supercool. They are, therefore, are an ideal model for biomedical research on hypoxia-induced injuries (such as strokes), tissue cooling during extensive surgeries, and organ cryopreservation. Yet, the seasonal reproduction and slow maturation of turtles hinder basic and applied biomedical research. To overcome these limitations, we have developed for the first time, adult stem cell-derived turtle hepatic organoids, which provide 3D self-assembled structures that closely mimic their original tissue and allow for in vitro testing and experimentation without constantly harvesting donor tissue and screening offspring. Our pioneering work with turtles represents the first for this vertebrate Order and complements the only other organoid lines from non-avian reptiles, which were produced from snake venom glands. Here we report the isolation and characterization of hepatic organoids derived from painted, snapping, and spiny softshell turtles spanning ~175 million years of evolution, with a subset being preserved in a biobank. Morphological and transcriptomics revealed organoid cells resembling cholangiocytes, which was then compared to the tissue of origin. Deriving organoids from multiple turtle species and life stages demonstrates that our organoid culturing techniques are broadly applicable to chelonians, permitting the development of functional genomic tools currently missing in most herpetological research. When combined with genetic editing, this platform will further support studies of genome-to-phenome mapping, gene function, genome architecture, and adaptive responses to climate change, among others. We discuss the unique abilities of painted turtles, including their overwintering potential, an adaptation with important implications for ecological, evolutionary, and biomedical research.

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Effects of cadmium on the activities of ALT and AST as well as the content of TP in plasma of freshwater turtle Mauremys reevesii

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Whole Transcriptome Profiling of the Effects of Cadmium on the Liver of the Xiangxi Yellow Heifer

Whole Transcriptome Profiling of the Effects of Cadmium on the Liver of the Xiangxi Yellow Heifer

Dietary Supplementation with Mono-Lactate Glyceride Enhances Intestinal Function of Weaned Piglets

Characterization of the First Turtle Organoids: A Model for Investigating Unique Adaptations with Biomedical Potential

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