Effects of butorphanol on the withdrawal reflex using threshold, suprathreshold and repeated subthreshold electrical stimuli in conscious horses

Spadavecchia, Claudia; Arendt-Nielsen, Lars; Spadavecchia, L.; Mosing, Martina; Auer, Ulricke; Hoven, R. van den

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2006.00289.x

Cited by 35 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…One study has evaluated the effects of sedation with xylazine and butorphanol on lameness grade in order to assess the impact of these protocols when undertaking lameness assessment , however, the study was not designed in order to document a direct analgesic effect of butorphanol and no such analgesic effect was demonstrated. The antinociceptive effects of butorphanol were investigated in two studies . The outcomes of these studies are contradictory with one demonstrating an antinociceptive effect, while the second showed no such effect.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

BEVA primary care clinical guidelines: Analgesia

Bowen

Redpath

Dugdale

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Primary care guidelines provide a reference point to guide clinicians based on a systematic review of the literature, contextualised by expert clinical opinion. These guidelines develop a modification of the GRADE framework for assessment of research evidence (vetGRADE) and applied this to a range of clinical scenarios regarding use of analgesic agents. Key guidelines produced by the panel included recommendations that horses undergoing routine castration should receive intratesticular local anaesthesia irrespective of methods adopted and that horses should receive NSAIDs prior to surgery (overall certainty levels high). Butorphanol and buprenorphine should not be considered appropriate as sole analgesic for such procedures (high certainty). The panel recommend the continuation of analgesia for 3 days following castration (moderate certainty) and conclude that phenylbutazone provided superior analgesia to meloxicam and firocoxib for hoof pain/laminitis (moderate certainty), but that enhanced efficacy has not been demonstrated for joint pain. In horses with colic, flunixin and firocoxib are considered to provide more effective analgesia than meloxicam or phenylbutazone (moderate certainty). Given the risk of adverse events of all classes of analgesic, these agents should be used only under the control of a veterinary surgeon who has fully evaluated a horse and developed a therapeutic, analgesic plan that includes ongoing monitoring for such adverse events such as the development of right dorsal colitis with all classes of NSAID and spontaneous locomotor activity and potentially ileus with opiates. Finally, the panel call for the development of a single properly validated composite pain score for horses to allow accurate comparisons between medications in a robust manner.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

BEVA primary care clinical guidelines: Analgesia

Bowen

Redpath

Dugdale

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Electrodes have been implanted in the tooth pulp [36], fixed to the coronary band [18,35] or to the digital palmar nerve [15,37]. Electrodes have been implanted in the tooth pulp [36], fixed to the coronary band [18,35] or to the digital palmar nerve [15,37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of mechanical, electrical and thermal nociceptive stimulation methods in horses

Luna

Lopes

Rosa

et al. 2014

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…For this reason, the synthetic nalorphine-cyclazocine opioid butorphanol was added to the analgesic regimen when signs of discomfort were observed post operatively. In the horse, butorphanol is believed act as a κ-receptor agonist and potentially exhibit either agonist or antagonist activity at µ-receptors (Spadavecchia et al 2007). In normal equine neonates i.m.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical correction of a medial patellar luxation in a foal using a modified recession trochleoplasty technique

Hart¹,

Jann

Moorman

2009

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary A 24‐hour‐old male Shetland pony was presented for evaluation of unilateral hindlimb lameness of unknown duration. Physical and radiographic findings confirmed a diagnosis of medial luxation of the patella. A traumatic or congenital aetiology was suspected but could not be confirmed. Surgical correction of the luxation, using a modified recession trochleoplasty technique, was carried out. At 6 months follow‐up, no discernbile lameness could be observed. In the literature, descriptions of medially luxated patellae in equids are rare. Published reports describing the use of peri‐ and intra‐articular surgical techiques for the correction of luxated patellae in equids are widely available. The modified recession trochleoplasty employed in this case may offer advantages over previously published techniques.

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Effects of butorphanol on the withdrawal reflex using threshold, suprathreshold and repeated subthreshold electrical stimuli in conscious horses

Cited by 35 publications

References 55 publications

BEVA primary care clinical guidelines: Analgesia

BEVA primary care clinical guidelines: Analgesia

Validation of mechanical, electrical and thermal nociceptive stimulation methods in horses

Surgical correction of a medial patellar luxation in a foal using a modified recession trochleoplasty technique

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