Effects of Burning and Grazing on a Coastal California Grassland

Hatch, Daphne; Bartolome, James W.; Fehmi, Jeffrey S.; Hillyard, Deborah

doi:10.1046/j.1526-100x.1999.72032.x

Cited by 55 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In another study of grassland restoration, Hatch et al (2000) investigated a variety of methods to restore California perennial grassland. They observed that one focal grass species, Danthonia californica, responded well to grazing treatments but not to fire treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoring resources for an endangered butterfly

Schultz

2001

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary 1.Recent changes in land use have resulted in dramatic habitat loss for numerous species. More than 99% of the habitat for Fender's blue butterfly Icaricia icarioides fenderi , an endangered butterfly in Oregon, USA, has been lost. 2. Fender's blue butterflies require larval host-plants (Kincaid's lupine Lupinus sulphureus kincaidii ) and nectar from native wildflowers.3. An experiment was conducted at two degraded sites near Eugene, Oregon, to investigate methods for restoration of Fender's blue habitat. The experimental design included four soil treatments (tilling, reverse fertilization, solarization and a control) combined with two planting treatments (50% forb seed : 50% grass seed and 10% forb seed : 90% grass seed) and two weeding treatments (weeding or not weeding). Treatments were replicated in eight experimental blocks (9 × 28 m) at each site. Seeds from 12 native plant species were field collected and sown in September 1995. May 1996, 1998, flowers of all nectar species and leaves of Kincaid's lupine were counted. 5. Based on estimates of resource needs from previous work, resources were evaluated as insufficient, sufficient or ample. 6. Solarization combined with 50% forb : 50% grass planting promoted sufficient nectar to sustain butterflies at both sites. Control treatments provided insufficient nectar at both sites. None of the treatments produced sufficient larval resources. 7. This experiment demonstrates a method to quantitatively link habitat restoration to the resource needs of focal species. The results emphasize the importance of connecting restoration efforts to the life-history features of focal species. In addition, they highlight the importance of using experiments conducted across a range of sites to test restoration methods before large-scale efforts are implemented. Plant establishment was monitored in

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoring resources for an endangered butterfly

Schultz

2001

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…For instance both negative and positive diversity responses to grazing have been identified in the California grasslands (Bartolome et al, 1980, Bartolome and McClaren, 1992, Hatch et al, 1999. Analogously, in the East African highlands, the impact of grazing has not only been found to influence species richness but also the percentage cover of the dominant species thus identifying grazing induced alterations of grassland community dynamics (Taddese et al, 2002).…”

Section: Influence Of Grazing On Species Richness Abundance and Specmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of Grazing Intensity on Swamp Plant Communities in the Tropical Montane Wetland Ecosystems, Nilgiris, Southern India

Mohandass¹

2016

Appl Ecol Env Res

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Abstract. Livestock grazing is a major anthropogenic impact influencing both grasslands and wetlands of the world which often results in the alteration of the structure, diversity and functioning of the plant communities. Here, we seek to understand how grazing intensity influences swamp vegetation, with an emphasis on their diversity, structure and function. Six swamps were selected, two each in high, moderate and low intensity grazing sites, from the tropical montane swamps of the Upper Nilgiri Mountains, southern India. We recorded a total of 78 species belonging to 63 genera and 31 families. Our results showed that species richness, abundance and species composition differed significantly across grazing treatments. Moreover, mean vegetation cover and mean height differed significantly across grazing treatments, indicating that grazing significantly affected the vegetation structure and growth of swamp plant communities. Species compositional patterns showed that moderately grazed plant communities were significantly different from low and high grazing sites. In summary, grazing intensity influenced swamp species richness, abundance, and swamp plant communities. Specifically, high grazing pressure reduced vegetation cover causing changes in swamp community structure leading to the gradual conversion of the swamp habitat into grasslands.

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“…Intense herbivory by large mammals also can have major effects on the management or restoration of plant populations and communities of conservation concern (Barnes 1983, Frelich and Lorimer 1985, Lewis 1985, Hatch et al 2002, McGraw and Ferudi 2005, Martin and Wilsey 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbance History and Decline of American Chestnut

Burke¹

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Invasive diseases can interact with other disturbances and the environment to affect host population decline, realized niche, and interspecific interactions. In my dissertation, I sampled oak-chestnut forests first sampled for vegetation composition 66-89 years ago and conducted a field experiment to evaluate the effects of variance in environment, in invasive disease prevalence, in logging history, and in deer browsing on the abundance, realized niche, and survival of a declining host tree in southwestern Virginia, USA. The disease and host I studied were American chestnut (Castanea dentata) and chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica), a disease introduced in the early 1900's that received national attention due to chestnut's timber value and ubiquity.Two sources of mortality studied here, in addition to chestnut blight, had significant effects on chestnut abundance and survival.Current chestnut abundance was significantly lower in areas where preblight chestnuts were logged than in areas where they were not logged.Since chestnut is highly palatable to deer, high levels of deer browsing significantly increased chestnut mortality rate, which affects its interactions with other understory species.Pre-blight chestnut abundance was not predictive of post-blight chestnut abundance. Multiple regressions of principal components representing the environment with pre-blight and current chestnut abundance demonstrated that chestnuts are now more restricted to iii areas with slopes and aspects receiving high light (southern to western facing slopes) and xeric species than pre-blight chestnut was. When assessing a study area with larger variation in elevation, chestnut abundance was also related to elevation and moderately acidic soil pH.Although chestnut blight was predicted to be less prevalent in environments where chestnut abundance was higher, this prediction was not supported. Chestnut blight prevalence was not significantly related to any measured environmental variable, was independent of chestnut density, and infected an average of 15% of chestnuts, regardless of chestnut abundance. This work highlights the drastic change in chestnut's interactions with the environment now that chestnut blight is endemic across its range and the need for a better understanding of chestnut blight's spatiotemporal dynamics.iv

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Effects of Burning and Grazing on a Coastal California Grassland

Cited by 55 publications

References 7 publications

Restoring resources for an endangered butterfly

Restoring resources for an endangered butterfly

Influence of Grazing Intensity on Swamp Plant Communities in the Tropical Montane Wetland Ecosystems, Nilgiris, Southern India

Disturbance History and Decline of American Chestnut

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