Effects of build positions on the thermal history, crystallization, and mechanical properties of polyamide 12 parts printed by Multi Jet Fusion

Chen, Kaijuan; Koh, Zhi Hui; Le, Kim Quy; Teo, How Wei Benjamin; Han, Zheng; Zeng, Jun; Zhou, Kun; Du, Hongliang

doi:10.1080/17452759.2022.2046478

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Figure 9 shows the mechanical properties of MJF printed parts fabricated at different Z‐position in the print bed. Previous works have shown that the parts printed in the middle chamber exhibit higher tensile modulus compared to those at the boundaries 14,42 . With larger crystals and thicker dendritic structures, it is understood that these factors result in a higher Young's modulus for the samples printed in the middle of the chamber.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous works have shown that the parts printed in the middle chamber exhibit higher tensile modulus compared to those at the boundaries. 14,42 With larger crystals and thicker dendritic structures, it is understood that these factors result in a higher Young's modulus for the samples printed in the middle of the chamber. The difference between Young's modulus and the ultimate tensile strength of the printed parts at different locations is seen as negligible.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that the mechanical properties of these polymers are associated with the crystallinity achieved after the polymer parts are manufactured. 14 Models such as the dynamic DFT model, 15 Lattice Boltzmann, 16 and dissipative particles dynamics 17 are used to simulate the crystal growth of polymer. However, the crystal growth simulated using these models could either not develop into complex shapes or be performed without a temperature gradient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For semi‐crystalline polymers, crystalline and amorphous phases are present in the microstructure of the material. It is known that the mechanical properties of these polymers are associated with the crystallinity achieved after the polymer parts are manufactured 14 . Models such as the dynamic DFT model, 15 Lattice Boltzmann, 16 and dissipative particles dynamics 17 are used to simulate the crystal growth of polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of polyamide 12 isothermal crystallization through the application of the phase‐field model

Teo

Tran

Chen

et al. 2022

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Crystallization of polyamide 12 (PA12) is an essential process requiring thorough investigation for evaluating the mechanical properties after the polymer parts are manufactured. The change in crystallization temperature results in different crystallization behaviors for PA12. Hence, the crystal morphology of PA12 achieved provides important information about crystallization behavior, especially for those produced through additive manufacturing due to its heterogenous cooling rate in a single print bed. Considering the need of investigating PA12 crystallization using phase‐field modeling, this paper aims to simulate the spherulite morphology of PA12 undergoing isothermal crystallization. This model is compared with the spherulite morphologies obtained from the optical microscopy test. The model shows that PA12 spherulites have thicker dendrites when the isothermal temperature is higher. The present phase‐field model can determine the spherulite morphologies of bulk printed PA12 based on the crystallization condition and be used to evaluate the properties of the printed part.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Investigation of polyamide 12 isothermal crystallization through the application of the phase‐field model

Teo

Tran

Chen

et al. 2022

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…There has also been research into non-color forms of MJF printing. Chen et al (2022) investigated the effects of part position in the powder bed on the mechanical characteristics after printing. The authors observed some significant variations in mechanical characteristics such as tensile modulus and elongation at break of samples at different locations in the same print run.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary color characterization of HP Multi Jet Fusion additive manufacturing with different orientations and surface finish

Dean

Loy

Redmond

et al. 2022

RPJ

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Purpose This study aims to evaluate the color accuracy of HP Jet Fusion 580 3D printing, comparing 3D-printed outcomes against original digital input colors. Design/methodology/approach A custom cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK) and red, green, blue (RGB) color chart was applied to the top, bottom and side surfaces of a 3D model. Four of each model were 3D-printed on a HP Jet Fusion 580, and half the samples were finished with a cyanoacrylate gloss surface finish, while half were left in raw form. A spectrophotometer was used to document CIELAB (L*a*b*) data, and comparisons made to the original input colors, including calculation of ΔE. Findings The CMYK samples were significantly more accurate than RGB samples, and grayscale samples in both color spaces were the most accurate of all. Typically, CMYK swatches were darker than the input values, and gloss samples were consistently darker than raw samples. The chromaticity (a*b*) range was found to be significantly smaller than what can be achieved digitally, with highly saturated colors unable to be produced by the printer. Originality/value This is the first study, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to characterize the full color spectrum possible with the HP Jet Fusion 580, recommending that designers use the CMYK color space when applying colors and textures to 3D models. A quick-reference color chart has been provided; however, it is recommended that future research focus on developing a color management profile to better map digital colors to the capabilities of the printer.

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Selective Laser Sintering versus Multi Jet Fusion: A Comprehensive Comparison Study Based on the Properties of Glass Beads‐Reinforced Polyamide 12

Lupone,

Padovano,

Lambertini

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and Multi Jet Fusion (MJF) are the most widespread powder bed fusion additive manufacturing techniques for fabricating polymeric parts since they offer great design flexibility, productivity and geometrical accuracy. However, these technologies differ for the thermal energy source used to melt the powders as well as the innovative use of printing agents featured in the latter one to promote material consolidation and to avoid thermal bleeding at the part contours. The use of a single powder made of glass beads reinforced polyamide 12 (PA12/GB) for the fabrication of MJF and SLS samples makes possible a systematic comparison of the printed parts properties. A thoughtful analysis of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples revealed differences and peculiarities between the two technologies. SLS exhibited lower porosity and higher mechanical performances when the parts are printed along the build plane thanks to the powerful heating ensured by the laser. On the other hand, MJF samples show higher mechanical isotropy with great flexural and tensile behavior for vertically oriented parts. The role of glass beads in the material behaviour is defined by its mechanical properties, meaning higher rigidity and lower strength compared to neat PA12, and fracture mechanism.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Effects of build positions on the thermal history, crystallization, and mechanical properties of polyamide 12 parts printed by Multi Jet Fusion

Cited by 17 publications

References 37 publications

Investigation of polyamide 12 isothermal crystallization through the application of the phase‐field model

Investigation of polyamide 12 isothermal crystallization through the application of the phase‐field model

Preliminary color characterization of HP Multi Jet Fusion additive manufacturing with different orientations and surface finish

Selective Laser Sintering versus Multi Jet Fusion: A Comprehensive Comparison Study Based on the Properties of Glass Beads‐Reinforced Polyamide 12

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