Effects of Build Orientation on Mechanical Properties of Fused Deposition Modeling Parts

Beattie, Nicholas; Bock, Noah; Anderson, Timothy D.; Edgeworth, Trevor; Kloss, Tom; Swanson, Jacob

doi:10.1007/s11665-021-05624-4

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Beattie et al [19] report higher tensile, bending and torsional strengths for "on-edge" test specimens [20] tested ABS and PLA specimens printed by FDM with two orientations: "flat" and "on-edge". Higher values for tensile strength were obtained for "flat" specimens for both ABS and PLA.…”

Section: Figure 1 Build Orientation Of the Test Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study Regarding the Influence of the Printing Orientation Angle on the Mechanical Behavior of Parts Manufactured by Material Jetting

Cojocaru¹,

Frunzăverde²,

Nedelcu³

et al. 2021

Mater. Plast.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Initially developed as a rapid prototyping tool for project visualization and validation, the recent development of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies has led to the transition from rapid prototyping to rapid manufacturing. As a consequence, increased attention has to be paid to the mechanical, chemical and physical properties of the printed materials. In mechanical engineering, the widespread use of AM technologies requires the optimization of process parameters and material properties in order to obtain components with high, repeatable and time-stable mechanical properties. One of the main problems in this regard is the anisotropic behavior of components made by additive manufacturing, determined by the type of material, the 3D printing technology, the process parameters and the position of the components in the printing space. In this paper the influence of the printing orientation angle on the tensile behavior of specimens made by material jetting is investigated. The aim was to determine if the positioning of components at different angles relative to the X-axis of the printer (and implicitly in relation to the multijet printing head) contributes to anisotropic behavior. The material used was a photopolymer with a mechanical strength between 40 MPa and 55 MPa, according to the producer. Four sets of tensile test specimens were manufactured, using flat build orientation and positioned on the printing table at angles of 0˚, 30˚, 60˚ and 90˚ to the X-axis of the printer. Comparative analysis of the mechanical behavior was carried out by tensile tests and microscopic investigations of the tensile test specimens fracture surfaces.

show abstract

Section: Figure 1 Build Orientation Of the Test Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study Regarding the Influence of the Printing Orientation Angle on the Mechanical Behavior of Parts Manufactured by Material Jetting

Cojocaru¹,

Frunzăverde²,

Nedelcu³

et al. 2021

Mater. Plast.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Because of the interlocking between the oriented layers, the on-edge specimen demonstrated this behavior. Beattie et al (2021) also examined the influence of print build orientation on mechanical properties of 3D-printed specimens. The ASTM D638 type 1 dog-bone specimens were printed in three different orientations, and tensile tests were performed with a 1 kN load cell at a 5 mm/min strain rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of build parameters and strain rate on mechanical properties of 3D printed PLA using DIC and desirability function analysis

Ali

Abdallah

Devjani

et al. 2022

RPJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effects of build parameters and strain rate on the mechanical properties of three-dimensional (3D) printed polylactic acid (PLA) by integrating digital image correlation and desirability function analysis. The build parameters included in this paper are the infill density, build orientation and layer height. These findings provide a framework for systematic mechanical characterization of 3D-printed PLA and potential ways of choosing process parameters to maximize performance for a given design. Design/methodology/approach The Taguchi method was used to shortlist a set of 18 different combinations of build parameters and testing conditions. Accordingly, 18 specimens were 3D printed using those combinations and put through a series of uniaxial tensions tests with digital image correlation. The mechanical properties deduced for all 18 tests were then used in a desirability function analysis where the mechanical properties were optimized to determine the ideal combination of build parameters and strain rate loading conditions. Findings By comparing the tensile mechanical experimental properties results between Taguchi's recommended parameters and the optimal parameter found from the response table of means, the composite desirability had increased by 2.08%. The tensile mechanical properties of the PLA specimens gradually decrease with an increase in the layer height, while they increase with increasing the infill densities. On the other hand, the mechanical properties have been affected by the build orientation and the strain rate in similar increasing/decreasing trends. Additionally, the obtained optimized results suggest that changing the infill density has a notable impact on the overall result, with a contribution of 48.61%. DIC patterns on the upright samples revealed bimodal strain patterns rendering them more susceptible to failures because of printing imperfections. Originality/value These findings provide a framework for systematic mechanical characterization of 3D-printed PLA and potential ways of choosing process parameters to maximize performance for a given design.

show abstract

“…The mechanical properties and structural integrity of AM-FFF parts are highly affected by the quality of the bonding [17[, ] 20]. When an ABS part is produced by the AM-FFF technique, the process parameters, such as the raster angle, raster width, raster gap, infill density, extruder temperature, deposition speed, contour width, layer thickness and width, airgaps, and specimen orientation, play a significant role in providing improved strength to the 3D-printed object [2], [4], [6], [8], [27] - [29]. Other parameters, including filament quality and environmental issues, such as humidity and oxygen content, also affect the mechanical properties and the quality of the part [4], [30].…”

Section: Introuctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the raster angle rises, the bonding between neighboring filaments (intra-layer bond) is further involved in carrying the load. It has been widely publicized that the inter-layer raster-to-raster (layer-to-layer) bonding, shrinkage of the rasters, and higher porosity in particular orientations influence the properties of the printed parts and generate anisotropy [22] - [24], [27] - [29], [33] - [38]. In general, the reported tensile properties of AM-FFF polymers are lower than those of conventionally produced polymers, mostly because of voids existing in the AM-FFF specimens [4].…”

Section: Introuctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the mechanical properties of AM-FFF ABS components are anisotropic, it is of great importance to understand the influence of the build strategy on the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of such printed components. Most studies that exist in the literature, on the mechanical behavior of AM-FFF ABS, use tensile test methods and generally provide the Young's modulus, yield strength, ultimate strength and elongation [4] - [6], [9], [17], [18], [27], [29], [35], [37], [42]; fewer works have examined the impact, flexural, fatigue, and compression properties of the 3D-printed ABS material [1], [4], [5], [21] - [25], [29]. The novelty of the current research is that it aims, at least partly, to fill this gap by studying the structure, mechanical behavior, and fracture surface of AM-FFF ABS specimens under the three-point bend test condition.…”

Section: Introuctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mechanical Performance, Structure and Fractography of ABS Manufactured by the Fused Filament Fabrication Additive Manufacturing

Stern¹,

Rosenthal²,

Richkov³

et al. 2022

AWET

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is the most widely used additive manufacturing (AM) technology for printing thermoplastic materials, among them the ABS. A significant problem of 3D-printed parts manufactured by AM-FFF is the anisotropy of their mechanical properties. Thus, it is of great importance to understand the impact of the build strategy of the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of AM-FFF ABS components. This research aims, at least partly, to fill this gap by studying the structure and mechanical behavior by performing fracture surface analysis of AM-FFF ABS specimens under the three-point bend test. For this purpose, three build orientations (flat, on-edge and upright), each built at 0°/90° and -45°/+45° raster angles and oblique printed samples (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 75°) built at -45°/+45° raster angles were prepared. The results revealed that the build direction with the lowest density, the flexural modulus of elasticity, flexural strength, and deflection was in the upright direction for both 0°/90° and -45°/+45° raster orientations. Overall, two main failure modes were observed for the tested specimens: (1) inter-layer/inter-raster bond failure, which is the main contributor to failure of all upright samples and (2) intra-layer/trans-raster failure, which is the main contributor to failure of flat and on-edge specimens printed at -45°/+45° raster orientation. The results of the oblique printed samples demonstrate that a single crack initiation can transform into a few inter-laminar and intra-laminar fracture surfaces due to competing stress fields and structural gradients

show abstract

Effects of Build Orientation on Mechanical Properties of Fused Deposition Modeling Parts

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Study Regarding the Influence of the Printing Orientation Angle on the Mechanical Behavior of Parts Manufactured by Material Jetting

Study Regarding the Influence of the Printing Orientation Angle on the Mechanical Behavior of Parts Manufactured by Material Jetting

Effect of build parameters and strain rate on mechanical properties of 3D printed PLA using DIC and desirability function analysis

Mechanical Performance, Structure and Fractography of ABS Manufactured by the Fused Filament Fabrication Additive Manufacturing

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About