“…In correlation with flock age, egg weight has a curvilinear function that achieves a plateau near the conclusion of the laying cycle ( Nangsuay et al, 2011 ). Hatching eggs from old breeders contain different components that can alter the embryonic death rate and, in turn, the hatching percentage ( Peebles et al, 2001 ; Tumová and Gous, 2012 ; Manyeula et al, 2021 ). In order to minimize gas exchange and moisture loss, which can impair early embryonic development and lower subsequent hatching rates, breeders begin the laying process by producing eggs with thick shells, few pores, and dense albumen ( Araujo et al, 2017 ).…”